Resin canal traits relevant for constitutive resistance of Norway spruce against bark beetles: environmental and genetic variability

Rosner, Sabine; Hannrup, Björn

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2004.06.025

Cited by 66 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…However, such relationship was clear only for the trees fully deprived of water. Semi-cover and control trees did not significantly increase resin production in response to inoculation and wounding, which seems to be inconsistent with the major hypotheses of plant defence expression (Lombardero et al 2000;Rosner & Hannrup 2004). The comparably higher rates of resin flow in September 2014, as medium-term response to fungal inoculation at trees subject to drought suggest that mobilisation of resources for secondary metabolism was not yet impaired in these trees but activated by the need to stop the fungus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…E. polonica speeds up tree death through impairing and destroying the trees' vital functions of water and nutrient transport, by killing phloem and cambium, and causing occlusion of the tracheids (Kirisits 2004;Francheschi et al 2005). The scolytines profit from a more rapid exhaustion of constitutive defences and the suppression or exhaustion of induced resistance of the host trees supported by the fungus (Christiansen et al 1987;Rosner and Hannrup 2004;Lieutier 2004;Lieutier et al 2009). E. polonica can be more easily manipulated for experiments on live trees than I. typographus beetles themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Norway spruce, radial resin canals cross several layers of wood cells and directly lead to the secondary phloem, where I. typographus establishes its broods. Running vertically, the larval galleries cut the resin ducts, the repellent effects of which increase with size, number and total area (Baier et al 2002;Rosner and Hannrup 2004). In addition, conifers are equipped with an extensive arsenal of chemical, protein-based and anatomically inducible defences, activated in response to attack or wounding (Eyles et al 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defence reactions of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) before and after inoculation of the blue-stain fungus Endoconidiophora polonica in a drought stress experiment

Netherer¹,

Ehn²,

Blackwell³

et al. 2016

Forestry Journal

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We performed an inoculation experiment using the blue-stain fungus Endoconidiophora polonica at the Rosalia Roof study site, which was set up to study drought effects on Norway spruce susceptibility to attacks by the European spruce bark beetle Ips typographus. Tree resistance parameters such as resin flow rate and extent of hypersensitive wound reaction in the phloem were investigated prior to and after fungal infection. Sample trees with different drought treatments (trees fully covered or semi-covered by roofs, control trees) were inoculated with E. polonica in July 2014. In order to check for areas of phloem necrosis, the outer bark around the inoculation holes was scratched off 6 weeks later. We recorded the amount of resin exudation within 12 hours overnight in August and September 2013 and 2014. Although wound reaction zones did not differ in size between tree collectives of the various treatments, fully covered trees tended to exhibit larger necrotic areas compared to control trees. The least water supplied trees showed lowest resin flow rates prior to fungal inoculation, but were the only group to show significantly enhanced resin flow five weeks after the evaluation of defence reactions. Our results agree with earlier findings that wounding and few fungal inoculations can increase tree resistance in the medium term given not too severe water stress. Further investigations will clarify how water stress affects the availability of non-structural carbohydrates for secondary metabolism, when depletion of resources eventually occurs, and at which point trees are most susceptible to bark beetle attack.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Defence reactions of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) before and after inoculation of the blue-stain fungus Endoconidiophora polonica in a drought stress experiment

Netherer¹,

Ehn²,

Blackwell³

et al. 2016

Forestry Journal

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“…Conifers harbor a wide array of physical and chemical defenses that deter, impede, and reduce the damage caused by insect herbivores (Franceschi et al 2005;Mumm and Hilker 2006). These defenses, among which resin-based defenses are the most characteristic, are widely recognized as quantitative traits with concentration-dependent effects on effective resistance (Phillips and Croteau 1999), and typically show large additive genetic variation (Rosner and Hannrup 2004;Sampedro et al 2010;Westbrook et al 2015). Plant lineages may also differ in the nutrient content of their tissues ) and even in the volatile compounds they emit (Blanch et al 2012), which may affect the attraction, preference, and damage caused by herbivores.…”

Section: Communicated By F Isikmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic variation in resistance of Norway spruce seedlings to damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Zas

Björklund

Sampedro

et al. 2017

Tree Genetics & Genomes

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Regeneration of northern conifer forests is commonly performed by reforestation with genetically improved materials obtained from long-term breeding programs focused on productivity and timber quality. Sanitary threats can, however, compromise the realization of the expected genetic gain. Including pest resistance traits in the breeding programs may contribute to a sustainable protection. Here we quantified the variation in different components of resistance of Norway spruce to its main pest, the pine weevil Hylobius abietis. We followed insect damage in two large progeny trials (52 openpollinated families with 100-200 individuals per family and trial) naturally infested by the pine weevil. Pine weevils damaged between 17 and 48% of the planted seedlings depending on the trial and year, and mortality due to weevil damage was up to 11.4%. The results indicate significant genetic variation in resistance to the pine weevil, and importantly, the variation was highly consistent across trials irrespective of contrasting incidence levels. Individual heritability estimates for the different components of seedling resistance were consistently low, but family heritabilities were moderate (0.53 to 0.81). While forward selections and breeding for higher resistance seem not feasible, backwards selections of the best parent trees emerge as a putative alternative to reduce weevil damage. A positive genetic correlation between early growth potential and probability of being attacked by the weevil was also observed, but the relationship was weak and appeared only in one of the trials. Overall, results presented here open the door to a new attractive way for reducing damage caused by this harmful pest.

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“…(2011). Modelling dynamics of ecosystem services basket in Mediterranean intensity of external stimuli (Rosner and Hannrup, 2004;. Induced resin production is accompanied by local changes in wood anatomy.…”

Section: Conclusionesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factores anatómicos, dendrométricos y climáticos implicados en la producción de resina de Pinus pinaster AIT. : aplicación a la mejora de los métodos de resinación

García¹

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Resin canal traits relevant for constitutive resistance of Norway spruce against bark beetles: environmental and genetic variability

Cited by 66 publications

References 51 publications

Defence reactions of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) before and after inoculation of the blue-stain fungus Endoconidiophora polonica in a drought stress experiment

Defence reactions of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) before and after inoculation of the blue-stain fungus Endoconidiophora polonica in a drought stress experiment

Genetic variation in resistance of Norway spruce seedlings to damage by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis

Factores anatómicos, dendrométricos y climáticos implicados en la producción de resina de Pinus pinaster AIT. : aplicación a la mejora de los métodos de resinación

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