Resilient Routing in Communication Networks

Hierarchical Method of Inter-Area Fast Rerouting

“…It is important to note that using a single border router for area and backbone connection significantly reduces the reliability of the network (Rak, 2015;Yeremenko et al, 2016). In the case when the border router is not able to provide its functionality, the areas connected through it become blocked with respect to the backbone and, what is very important, to other network areas.…”

RECODIS: Resilient Communication Services Protecting End-user Applications from Disaster-based Failures

“…e) techniques of resilient routing for emerging network architectures and networking schemes to achieve disaster-resistant global communications infrastructure, including resiliency in particular related to: o Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) [2] being a promising solution of future optical transport (core) networks improving spectral efficiency and line rate elasticity, compared to the existing optical architectures based on fixed-grid Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing, o Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) [3] formed by stationary nodes and high-capacity wireless links using directional antennas, but experiencing problems related e.g., to weather-based threats, o Future Internet schemes built around content with end-users serving as sources of the content, since primary utilization of the current Internet gradually evolves into data/content distribution, o Software Defined Networking with network control being decoupled from forwarding and directly programmable, o cloud computing / communications being an efficient solution to provide the global-scale resource and computation capabilities by placing data centres and computation units into the cloud to form a "computing utility" available over the Internet, o energy efficiency issues following from increased use of energy resources due to utilization of alternate paths in failure scenarios [12].…”

“…They frequently result in the so-called region failures denoting simultaneous failures of network elements located in specific geographical areas [3]- [5].…”

“…In particular, the need to introduce a set of techniques and services providing end-user applications with resilient connectivity even under disaster-based failures (the main aim of RECODIS) is evident due to: a) increasing threat of disaster-based failures of any kind, b) lack of built-in mechanisms to assure availability of network services in the presence of disaster-based failures with respect to existing communication networks, c) severe impact of disaster-based failures on performance of communication networks (nowadays expected to be "always available") that form an important part of the critical infrastructure of everyday life, d) emerging communication architectures, in particular related to the Future Internet (FI) [8], wireless networking, as well as new networking concepts (including e.g., content-oriented networking [9], cloud computing [10], Software Defined Networking (SDN) [11], or machine-to-machine (M2M) interaction [3]). None of these new technologies has been designed with resilience in mind.…”

A probabilistic approach for failure localization

“…Commonly observed faults in optical networks are caused by fiber cuts, equipment failures, excessive bit errors, and human error. After the detection of a failure, protection/restoration techniques are invoked so that the traffic is recovered prior to the localization and repair of the faulty component [2]- [4]. Most of the existing works deal with the single-link failure scenario, since the occurrence of more than one simultaneous link failures in an optical network is not very common.…”