Resíduos Compostados Como Substrato Para Produção De Petunia X Hybrida

Abstract

A transformação de resíduo em tecnologia deve ser uma prioridade atual no setor agrícola, diminuindo o descarte inadequado e recuperando parte daquilo que é produzido e que pode retornar como nutriente as plantas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo buscar uma solução viável de uso de resíduos vegetais como a poda de grama, o bagaço de cana e o esterco bovino como substrato para o cultivo de plantas. Os resíduos utilizados foram compostados, e utilizados como substratos para a produção de petúnia, uma espécie ornamental. Como controle foram utilizados substratos comerciais a base de pó de coco (PC) e de casca de pinus (CP). Após as mudas atingirem o ponto de transplantio, essas foram transplantadas para vasos plásticos com o mesmo substrato utilizado na produção da muda, mantendo os tratamentos. Os melhores substratos obtidos para o cultivo de petúnias em vasos foram o PG e CP, considerando ambos os aspectos dos desenvolvimentos vegetativo e reprodutivo. Esses resultados mostram o alto potencial de uso da poda de grama como substrato para a horticultura, sendo uma alternativa principalmente em sistemas sustentáveis de produção, por não necessitarem de fertilização complementar durante o cultivo.

Seedlings production of Gomphrena globosaand Petunia x hybridain different times and substrates

“…The use of substrates with slightly higher carbon/nitrogen ratio favors the decomposition and mineralization of a good part of the residues, but still keeps a small part to be decomposed, favoring the continuous release of nutrients throughout the plant cycle (ZANELLO; CARDOSO, 2016). Similar results were obtained by Ferreira and Rodrigues (2015), who found that substrates composed of bovine manure resulted in papaya seedlings with greater phytomass, independent of the addition of mineral fertilizers.…”

Composting of fresh vegetable residues and its application in lettuce cultivation

“…Thus, the addition of the compost to the substrate contributed to decrease the acidity and, consequently, the availability of Al and to increase the availability of some nutrients in the environment. Zanello & Cardoso (2016) also observed limited development of petunias in pots using the same commercial substrate, whereas the use of the compost containing mowed grass and cattle manure as cultivation substrate proved to be more adequate.…”

“…In studies using food residue compost in lettuce cultivation, Freitas et al (2018) observed higher shoot fresh mass (14 g/plant) using 100% of compost, when compared with different mixtures of soil and compost, showing that this type of residue has potential to be used in composting. A compost of mowed grass with cattle manure showed high potential as substrate for petunia cultivation, showing much superior performance (42 g/plant of fresh mass) when compared with commercial substrates that are used for this same purpose, such as ground pine bark (21 g/plant fresh mass) and coconut powder, being the good results attributed to the higher levels of macro and micronutrients in the compost (Zanello & Cardoso, 2016). Among some advantages of using organic fertilizer are the higher ascorbic acid concentration in plant leaves (26 to 44%) and the lower nitrate content in plant leaves in this system (66.7 mg/kg) than in those with mineral fertilization (113.6 mg/kg) and hydroponics (278.4 mg/kg).…”

“…flower pots (Petunia X hybrida) using compost of mowed grass and cattle manure as substrate, which allowed the plants to complete their life cycle without mineral deficiency symptoms (Zanello & Cardoso, 2016). In addition to nutrients, plant residues naturally contain carbon compounds, which contribute to maintain or increase the soil organic matter content.…”

“…Organic residues such as mowed grass have been produced in large scale due to the increase in landscaping areas and often discarded in inappropriate places (Zanello & Cardoso, 2016). In addition, other important organic residues such as non-consumable parts or foods leftovers from residences and restaurants are mostly discarded almost entirely in common trash, without a technological and sustainable destination.…”