Residues of dithiocarbamate fungicides and their metabolites on plant foods

Engst, R.; Schnaak, W.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8504-6_3

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…During the weeding of sprayed vegetation the probable route of exposure is via the skin. EBDC do not belong to the systemic fungicides, and they remain on plant surfaces (15). In addition, ETU has been found on plants treated with EBDC (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylenethiourea in air and in urine as an indicator of exposure to ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides.

Kurttio¹,

Savolainen²

1990

Scand J Work Environ Health

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KURTIIO P, SAVOLAINEN K. Ethylenethioureain air and in urineas an indicatorof exposure to ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides. Scand J Work Environ Health 1990;16:203-7. Ethylenethiourea (ETU) is a ubiquitous impurity of the ethylenebisdithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicides widely used in agriculture and forestry. In the present study, ETU was used as a measure of the exposure to EBDC on potato farms and in pine nurseries during the application of EBDC fungicides and the weeding of the sprayed vegetation. Biological and hygienic monitoring was carried out through the analysis of ETU in the breathing zone and the urine of exposed workers. Even if the concentrations of ETU in the ambient air of pine nurseries exceeded those of potato farms, the concentrations of ETU in the urine of potato farmers exceeded those of pine nursery workers. This result may have been due better protective equipment in the pine nurseries. The excretion rate was 6-10 ng/h during the first 60 h after the cessation of exposure, and it diminished thereafter to 0.2 ng/h over a 22-d observation period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethylenethiourea in air and in urine as an indicator of exposure to ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides.

Kurttio¹,

Savolainen²

1990

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Oxidative degradation of ETU, the most noxious and carcinogenic metabolite of the widely used ethylene bisdithiocarbamate fungicides, has been intensively studied (109,110). This is usually degraded by using oxidants such as potassium permanganate (111), sodium hypochlorite (55), or hydrogen peroxide (49).…”

Section: Oxidative Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation of thiourea and substituted thioureas: a review

Sahu

Sahoo

Patel

et al. 2011

Journal of Sulfur Chemistry

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“…The assumed mean ventilation during the average mean four hour application period was 25 1/min corresponding to a light or moderate workload 27. The average body weight (bw) of the applicators was 70 kg.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These estimations resulted in the total inhaled amount of ETU and EBDCs of 5 and 126 Mg/day, respectively. This corresponds to a dose of 0 07 pg of ETU/kg bw and1 8 pg of EBDC/kg bw. Acceptable daily intake values for consumers of ETU is 2 pg/kg bw and of EBDCs 500 pg/kg bw.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental and biological monitoring of exposure to ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides and ethylenethiourea.

Kurttio¹,

Vartiainen²,

Savolainen³

1990

Occupational and Environmental Medicine

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In the present study the concentration of ETU in pesticide formulations and ambient air were measured and exposure to EBDCs was evaluated; contamination of clothes and skin was also measured. Workers were biologically monitored for exposure to EBDCs and ETU by measuring ETU in urine after the end of the exposure. Subjects and methods SUBJECTS AND APPLICATION OF THE PESTICIDEExposure of pesticide operators to EBDC fungicides was studied in 29 potato farms during the summer of 1987. Potato fields were sprayed with EBDC formulations to control potato late blight. There was always several weeks between the sprayings so that each worker was always studied after a single exposure. A tractor pulled pump operated spray equipped with a 300-500 1 tank was used. Pressure during the spraying operation was 2-4 kp/ cm2. The height ofthe nozzles was about 50 cm above the ground. The mean area of a sprayed field was 14 (SD ± 9) ha. Spraying time was 0 5-7 h (mean 4 h). PREPARATIONSPowdered Maneba (80%,o maneb) or Ridomil (560/% mancozeb) was used. Before each application, the powder was poured into a tank that was then filled with cold water. The concentrations of pesticide formulation within the solutions were 5-12 g/l. The mean concentrations of the effective ingredients, maneb or mancozeb; in the solution were 4 or 7 g/l, respectively. Ambient air sampling was always conducted for the whole application period.

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Residues of dithiocarbamate fungicides and their metabolites on plant foods

Cited by 51 publications

References 29 publications

Ethylenethiourea in air and in urine as an indicator of exposure to ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides.

Ethylenethiourea in air and in urine as an indicator of exposure to ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides.

Oxidation of thiourea and substituted thioureas: a review

Environmental and biological monitoring of exposure to ethylenebisdithiocarbamate fungicides and ethylenethiourea.

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