Residues of aflatoxin B1 in broiler meat: Effect of age and dietary aflatoxin B1 levels

Hussain, Zahid; Khan, Muhammad Zargham; Khan, Ahrar; Javed, Ijaz; Saleemi, Muhammad Kashif; Mahmood, Saba; Asi, Muhammad Rafique

doi:10.1016/j.fct.2010.08.016

Cited by 119 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…A similar age-dependent sensitivity occurs in chickens [86][87][88]. Hepatic microsomal P450 enzymes from turkeys and quail produce 2 to 4 times more AFBO than ducks or chickens [74].…”

Section: Sensitivity: Poultrymentioning

confidence: 59%

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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This review is a comprehensive introduction to the effects of poultry exposure to the toxic and carcinogenic mycotoxin aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The relationship between AFB1 sensitivity and metabolism, major direct and indirect effects of AFB1, recent studies of gene expression and transcriptome responses to exposure, and mitigation strategies to reduce toxicity are discussed. Exposure to AFB1 primarily occurs by consumption of contaminated corn, grain or other feed components. Low levels of residual AFB1 in poultry feeds can cause reduction in growth, feed conversion, egg production, and compromised immune functions, resulting in significant economic costs to producers. Thus, AFB1 acts as a "force multiplier" synergizing the adverse effects of microbial pathogens and other agents, and factors detrimental to poultry health. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are one of the most sensitive animals known to AFB1 due, in large part, to a combination of efficient hepatic bioactivation by cytochromes P450 1A5 and 3A37, and deficient hepatic glutathione-S-transferase (GST)-mediated detoxification. Because of their sensitivity, turkeys are a good model to investigate chemopreventive treatments and feed additives for their ability to reduce AFB1 toxicity. Transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of turkey poults (liver and spleen) has identified AFB1-induced gene expression changes in pathways of apoptosis, carcinogenesis, lipid regulation, antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity and antigen presentation. Current research focuses on further identifying the molecular mechanisms OPEN ACCESSAgriculture 2015, 5 743 underlying AFB1 toxicity with the goal of reducing aflatoxicosis and improving poultry health.

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“…A similar age-dependent sensitivity occurs in chickens [86][87][88]. Hepatic microsomal P450 enzymes from turkeys and quail produce 2 to 4 times more AFBO than ducks or chickens [74].…”

Section: Sensitivity: Poultrymentioning

confidence: 59%

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

2015

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“…The levels of AFB 1 residue in the livers from groups III and V (0.049 and 0.137 µg/kg, respectively) were higher than the levels in breast muscles. In a previous study, high levels of AFB 1 residues in livers (3.51-6.97 µg/kg) and breast muscles (1.63-3.27 µg/kg) were detected when broilers were given feed containing 1.6-6.4 mg/kg AFB 1 (Hussain et al, 2010). Residue a−c different lowercases in the same row mean significant difference between treatments (P < 0.05) V/C = villus height/crypt depth data are mean ± SD (n = 8) levels of AFB 1 and AFM 1 were also detected in the kidneys and thighs of both male broilers and hens that were fed a diet contaminated with 50 µg/kg of AFB 1 (Micco et al, 1988).…”

Section: Afb 1 and Afm 1 Residues In Tissuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…AFB 2 is converted to AFB 1 in the livers of both rats and ducks, and the rates of these reactions appear to correlate with the toxic potential of AFB 2 in these species (Wogan et al, 1971). AFM 1 is the toxic metabolite of AFB 1 , and AFM 2 is the hydroxylated form of AFB 2 (Wolzak et al, 1985;Bintvihok et al, 2003;Hussain et al, 2010, Bianco et al, 2012. AFM 1 and AFM 2 are commonly associated with milk and other edible animal products.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feeding corn naturally contaminated with AFB<sub>1</sub> and AFB<sub>2</sub> on performance and aflatoxin residues in broilers

Yang¹,

Bai²,

Zhang³

et al. 2012

CZECH J ANIM SCI

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AFB 1 is the most abundant aflatoxin in food and animal feed, generally occurring along with low levels of other aflatoxins. In this experiment, broilers were administered corn that was naturally contaminated with AFB 1 and AFB 2 . We found that the broilers were more sensitive during the starter period and had a poor performance during the grower period. In addition, the broilers showed a significant reduction in feed intake when consuming material contaminated with 134.0 and 23.6 µg/kg of AFB 1 and AFB 2 , respectively. Our results also demonstrate that villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth significantly decreased when the broilers were fed daily with diets contaminated with AFB 1 and AFB 2 . Furthermore, AFB 1 residues in livers and breast muscles were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) at levels of 0.137 and 0.016 µg/kg, respectively. The AFM 1 residue was also detected in livers at a level of 0.051 µg/kg but it was not detectable in breast muscles. Keywords: mycotoxin; influence; poultry; HPLC-MS/MSMycotoxins are secondary toxic metabolites of filamentous fungi, which are harmful to human and animal health thus causing significant financial losses to animal industries (Hussein and Brasel, 2001;Wu and Munkvold, 2008;Zhang and Caupert, 2012). Aflatoxins (AF) naturally occur in moldy grains and are a group of metabolites produced by some strains of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The primary aflatoxins of concern in feedstuffs are aflatoxins B 1 (AFB 1 ), B 2 (AFB 2 ), G 1 (AFG 1 ), and G 2 (AFG 2 ) (Monbaliu et al., 2010). The order of toxicity is AFB 1 > AFG 1 > AFB 2 > AFG 2 .The legal limits of AFB 1 and AFT in total for several agricultural products have been established by the European Union (2−12 μg/kg for AFB 1 , 4-15 μg/kg for aflatoxins total (B1 + G1 + B2 + G2), and 0.05 μg/kg for AFM 1 in milk), but the value of aflatoxins in other animal products was not recommended (European Commission, 2010). AFB 1 is transformed into toxic metabolites primarily in the liver, and the metabolite of AFB 1 -8, 9-expoxide can form covalent bonds with DNA, RNA, and proteins, resulting in a potent carcinogenic effect (Swenson et al., 1977;Nomura et al.,

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“…Poultry meat derived from animals fed diets contaminated with aflatoxins may pose a risk to consumers only when the AFB1 dietary levels are very high (Hussain et al, 2010). No AFB1 or its metabolites were detected in the muscle of broilers fed diets contaminated with AFB1 at 50 µg/kg (Bintvihok and Kositcharoenkul, 2006).…”

Section: Safety Of Food Of Animal Originmentioning

confidence: 94%

An Update on the Safety of Foods of Animal Origin and Feeds

Pulina

Battacone

Brambilla

et al. 2014

Italian Journal of Animal Science

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Chemical hazards may occur in any phases of the different livestock production systems. Aim of this review is to address an update about the key issues related to the risk of contamination in foods of animal origin by environmental contaminants linked to industrialisation or urbanisation (e.g., heavy metals and persistent organic pollutants), and natural contaminants (e.g., mycotoxins). This review deals with current issues and future perspectives on the complex issue of the safety of feeds and foods of animal origin, by taking into account the estimation of the occurrence of chemical residues in food, the hazard identification and characterisation of mycotoxins in animal feeds, and the analysis of feedstuffs as a tool to control and evaluate food safety.

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Residues of aflatoxin B1 in broiler meat: Effect of age and dietary aflatoxin B1 levels

Cited by 119 publications

References 14 publications

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

Aflatoxicosis: Lessons from Toxicity and Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in Poultry

Effects of feeding corn naturally contaminated with AFB<sub>1</sub> and AFB<sub>2</sub> on performance and aflatoxin residues in broilers

An Update on the Safety of Foods of Animal Origin and Feeds

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