Residue levels, household processing evolution, and risk assessment of chlorothalonil, SDS‐3701, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo

Abstract

Dendrobium officinale, a minor crop with medicinal and edible value, is increasingly consumed by people, but the pesticide residues on it have received little attention. In this work, field trials were conducted under good agricultural practice conditions to investigate the residues of chlorothalonil, SDS‐3701, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph in D. officinale; then the evolution of these pesticides after household processing was studied. The results indicated that chlorothalonil, SDS‐3701, metalaxyl, and dimethomorph were 2.41–30.12, 0.20–1.23, 0.07–0.80, and 0.19–7.90 mg kg−1, respectively, in stems at recommended preharvest interval (30 days). Washing and soaking removed the pesticides in fresh stems with processing factors 0.41–1.14 and 0.12–1.13, respectively. In the brewing test, the transfer rates of pesticides in dry stems decreased from the first time (4.27–95.40%) to the third time (3.89–15.57%). Intake risk assessments were also conducted, and the risk quotients were no more than 27.02% for all compounds in different samples, which indicated acceptable risks for consumers. As effective risk‐reducing home‐processing methods, washing, soaking, and multiple brewing were suggested in this work, hoping to help consumers with diet safety.

Residue levels of emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid and its major metabolites in cabbage from 12 regions in China and dietary risk assessment

“…Based on relevant data from toxicological and residual analyses (Zhao et al, 2022), the chronic dietary risks were calculated as follows:…”

“…Based on relevant data from toxicological and residual analyses (Zhao et al, 2022), the chronic dietary risks were calculated as follows: where NEDI is the national estimated daily intake; STMR i is the supervised trials median residue levels of the target analyte at the PHI in cabbage and other crops registered in China, in which i represents different crops; and F i (kg day −1 ) is the average daily per capita consumption of a certain food in China. RQc is the chronic risk quotient, bw (kg) represents the average body weight; and ADI (mg kg bw −1 day −1 ) is the acceptable daily intake.…”