Residual veterinary antibiotics in swine manure from concentrated animal feeding operations in Shandong Province, China

Excretion masses and environmental occurrence of antibiotics in typical swine and dairy cattle farms in China

“…Chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline and tetracycline were found to be used in the feeds of the two swine farms, while other antibiotics including sulfamonomethoxine, doxycycline, trimethoprim, enrofloxacin, leucomycin and florfenicol were only found in the feeds from farm S3 (Table S7). High concentrations and frequencies of tetracyclines were also found in the manure and wastewater from other swine farms in China (Ben et al, 2008;Chen et al, 2012aChen et al, , 2012bPan et al, 2011;Tong et al, 2009;Wei et al, 2011;Zhao et al, 2010), implying frequent application of these antibiotics in swine breeding in China. Dewey et al (1999) has reported that tetracyclines such as tetracycline, chlortetracycline and oxytetracycline are often fed to all ages of pigs to improve growth and prevent diseases, but included more frequently in the feeds for immature swine than for mature swine.…”

Estimation of Residual Antibiotics in Pharmaceutical Effluents and their Fate in Affected Areas

“…Tetracyclines and fl uoroquinolones are easily adsorbed by soils, sediments, and/or manure slurry [2,31]. Estimation in liquid samples is mostly connected to persistence and transport in the marine environment [30,[32][33][34].…”

Rapid detection of multiple class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge with ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

“…Analytical grade disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetate (Na 2 EDTA), citric acid monohydrate, Na 2 HPO 4 , H 2 SO 4 , HCl, and NaOH were supplied by Beijing Chemical Reagents Company (Beijing, China). McIlvaine buffer solution was prepared by dissolving 21.00 g of citric acid monohydrate, 17.75 g of Na 2 HPO 4 , and 60.50 g of Na 2 EDTA·2H 2 O in 1.625 L of Milli-Q water, with pH adjusted to 4.00 using NaOH solution (Pan et al, 2011b).…”

“…The concentrations of sulfonamides, macrolides, and other pharmaceuticals in the sludge samples were relatively lower, especially SFX and ATE (< LOQs). SMN, SML, SFX, and TIA are specifically used as veterinary antibiotics to control infections and promote growth of livestock (Ben et al, 2008;Pan et al, 2011b), so it is reasonable that these compounds were present with a very low concentration in municipal wastewater and sludge. The different distribution patterns of target pharmaceuticals detected in the WWTP could arise from the diversified pharmaceutical usages in various countries (Behera et al, 2011).…”