Rapid detection of multiple class pharmaceuticals in both municipal wastewater and sludge with ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry

Occurrence and removal of antibiotics in ecological and conventional wastewater treatment processes: A field study

“…The stock solutions of individual antibiotics were prepared by dissolving each compound in methanol at a concentration of 100 mg/L (Ben et al, 2008). Because the dehydration product (ERY-H 2 O) was the predominant form of ERY in water (Hirsch et al, 1999) A total of 168 samples, including 80 influent and 80 effluent samples from the studied 20 WWTFs as well as 8 river samples, were collected and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) developed by Yuan et al (2014). Solid phase extraction (SPE) was performed to clean up the samples and enrich the target antibiotics.…”

Analytical methodologies for the determination of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) in sewage sludge: A critical review

“…The retention mechanism is the interaction of non-polar groups of the analytes of interest and the non-polar functional groups on the sorbent (Van der Waals forces) [104]. In many cases, extraction was performed in a polar solvent [13,24,[39][40][41][42][43][45][46][47][48]50,52,56,59,62,64,74,75,77,80,81]. Mixed-mode SPE is an extraction approach involving sorbents which are designed to exhibit two or more primary interactions for analyte retention.…”

Biodegradation of Wastewater Containing High Concentration of Sulfamethoxazole by Antibiotic Adopted Biofilm in Attached Growth Bioreactor

“…The durations for each dose (1,5,15,30,60, and 120 mg/L) to reach constant COD removal efficiency were different (3,7,7,14,14, and 14 days). The fluctuations in COD removal efficiency in low SMX concentrations (1 to 15 mg/L) were negligible, and for this reason the required adaptation times were less than high concentrations of SMX (15 to 120 mg/L).…”