Residual stress state in an induction hardened steel bar determined by synchrotron- and neutron diffraction compared to results from lab-XRD

Holmberg, Jonas; Steuwer, A.; Stormvinter, Albin; Kristoffersen, Hans; Haakanen, Merja; Berglund, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2016.04.075

Cited by 37 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Heating to high temperature in the cutting process causes the near‑surface zone to become hardened during the rapid cooling of the material. Compressive stresses occur in the hardened zone due to the phase transitions ( Figure 6 a) [ 19 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Based on the conducted research, it is possible to present the mechanism of steel cracking in the thermal cutting process.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of the Thermal Cutting Process on Cracking of Pearlitic Steels

2021

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The paper presents research results of the influence of heat input into high carbon rail steel during cutting processes on microstructure transformation and cracking. The massive block of steel prepared for rail rolling processes was cut and examined by nondestructive magnetic testing and destructive testing by microscopic examination and hardness measurements. The results show unfavorable microstructure changes where pearlite and transformed ledeburite were obtained. The effects of the presence of such microstructures are high hardness near to cutting surfaces (above 800 HV) and microcracks which grow into low hardness block cores during rolling and rail shaping.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the research and references [ 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], the mechanism of crack formation during the thermal cutting of R260 steel can be presented. The heating of the surface during thermal cutting and subsequent cooling causes phase changes to occur.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the Thermal Cutting Process on Cracking of Pearlitic Steels

2021

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“…With the phase transition occurred, the lattice expanded and subsequently aroused the lattice strain resulting in generation of compressive residual stress which can balance the relatively large tensile stress state of component core. 21 As a consequence, the uneven distribution of induction heating temperature can directly affect the distribution of residual stress. 18,22 In addition, Figure 1(b) shows the distribution of tangential residual stress at the depth of 500 mm, 2000 mm and 3500 mm on the cross section after the wire cutting with a very slow cutting speed (less than 0.2 mm/s), respectively.…”

Section: Residual Stress and Hardnessmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residual stresses and wear properties of induction-hardened medium carbon steel

Cao²,

Sun

et al. 2019

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J:

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A systematic experimental investigation was performed to study the residual stress, microstructure and work hardening on the wear properties of induction-hardened medium carbon steel. The dry sliding wear tests were performed using a reciprocating ball-on-flat apparatus under normal loads of 20, 50, and 100 N against ceramic ball counterface, respectively. The wear mechanism was mainly abrasive wear at low load (20 N) and delamination wear at higher load (100 N) as evidenced by the worn surface topography and wear debris. The deformation layer generated by friction work hardening reduced the friction coefficient, exhibited better antifriction. Typically, the high compressive residual stress could improve the wear resistance by delaying the propagation of microcrack and inhibiting the delamination.

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“…Thus, understanding the stresses origin may allow the lengthening of the components service life. The residual stresses can be successfully studied using diffraction-based methods [13,14]. Neutron and hard X-ray diffraction measurements are preferentially used for this purpose, since they allow the studying of bulk samples, due to the large penetration depth of neutrons and the high-energy X-ray photons in the majority of the materials [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The residual stresses can be successfully studied using diffraction-based methods [13,14]. Neutron and hard X-ray diffraction measurements are preferentially used for this purpose, since they allow the studying of bulk samples, due to the large penetration depth of neutrons and the high-energy X-ray photons in the majority of the materials [14,15]. However, only a few studies of this kind were performed on materials processed by the ECAP or C-ECAP methods [16], and limited data are available for the ECAP processed Ti.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of the Microstructure, Local Macro-Texture and Residual Stress Field of Commercially Pure Titanium Grade 2 Prepared by CONFORM ECAP

Németh

Horváth

Hervoches

et al. 2018

Metals

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The paper investigated the residual strain and stress distribution, microstructure, and macro-texture along the transverse direction of commercially pure titanium grade 2 samples prepared by the CONFORM ECAP technique. This method belongs to the severe plastic deformation methods; hence, it could be assumed that residual stress fields would be present in the work-pieces. Residual stresses cannot be directly measured; thus, neutron diffraction measurements, Electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) investigations, and local X-ray macro-texture measurements were performed in different regions of the sample to determine the data for the residual stress calculation. The calculation was based on the modified Kröner model. Neutron diffraction strain scans and residual stress calculations revealed that symmetrical residual strain and stress gradients with compression character were present in the axial and hoop direction after one and two passes. Asymmetric distribution of the residual strains and stresses remained after the third pass of the CONFORM ECAP. EBSD investigations showed that after the first pass, significant grain refinement occurred; however, further passes did not cause any dramatic grain refinement. X-ray texture measurements revealed that local macro-texture was dependent on the number of passes of the CONFORM ECAP and on the investigated area in the samples.

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Residual stress state in an induction hardened steel bar determined by synchrotron- and neutron diffraction compared to results from lab-XRD

Cited by 37 publications

References 11 publications

Influence of the Thermal Cutting Process on Cracking of Pearlitic Steels

Influence of the Thermal Cutting Process on Cracking of Pearlitic Steels

Residual stresses and wear properties of induction-hardened medium carbon steel

Characterization of the Microstructure, Local Macro-Texture and Residual Stress Field of Commercially Pure Titanium Grade 2 Prepared by CONFORM ECAP

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