Residual limb volume change: Systematic review of measurement and management

Sanders, Joan E.; Fatone, Stefania

doi:10.1682/jrrd.2010.09.0189

Cited by 180 publications

(253 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…Their results for sock volume percentage are in agreement with those of Fernie and Holliday [40]. Additionally, postoperative residual limb volume change has been reported to be up to 35 percent [12], and diurnal volume change is on the order of 2 percent [41]. Sanders et al calculated a uniform volume change of 5 percent in a limb with 90 mm diameter would be 1 mm change in diameter [42].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Because of the CI of 2.18 mm for diameter measurements, the scanning method presented in this study would possibly be best for postoperative application. However, Sanders et al noted that for devices used for scanning the residual limb, the volume resolution (in percentage) is different from the dimensional resolution (in millimeters); the volume error is more forgiving [12]. Therefore, we suggest testing the accuracy of MRI in residual limb volume measurements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, the rigid internal limb structure (e.g., tibia) can be used as a reference to align multiple 3-D models of a residual limb [10][11]. These methods can be used to scan the residual limb while the socket/prosthesis is manufactured [12]. Smith et al obtained two SXCT scans of seven transtibial residual limbs for each of two sessions [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Examination of anticipated chemical shift and shape distortion effect on materials commonly used in prosthetic socket fabrication when measured using MRI: A validation study

Safari¹,

Rowe²,

Buis³

2013

JRRD

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Abstract-The quality of lower-limb prosthetic socket fit is influenced by shape and volume consistency during the residual limb shape-capturing process (i.e., casting). Casting can be quantified with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology. However, chemical shift artifact and image distortion may influence the accuracy of MRI when common socket/casting materials are used. We used a purpose-designed rig to examine seven different materials commonly used in socket fabrication during exposure to MRI. The rig incorporated glass marker tubes filled with water doped with 1 g/L copper sulfate (CS) and 9 plastic sample vials (film containers) to hold the specific material specimens. The specimens were scanned 9 times in different configurations. The absolute mean difference of the glass marker tube length was 1.39 mm (2.98%) (minimum = 0.13 mm [0.30%], maximum = 5.47 mm [14.03%], standard deviation = 0.89 mm). The absolute shift for all materials was <1.7 mm. This was less than the measurement tolerance of +/-2.18 mm based on voxel (three-dimensional pixel) dimensions. The results show that MRI is an accurate and repeatable method for dimensional measurement when using matter containing water. Additionally, silicone and plaster of paris plus 1 g/L CS do not show a significant shape distortion nor do they interfere with the MRI image of the residual limb.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Examination of anticipated chemical shift and shape distortion effect on materials commonly used in prosthetic socket fabrication when measured using MRI: A validation study

Safari¹,

Rowe²,

Buis³

2013

JRRD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Fitting a socket to a residual limb is an iterative process, sometimes requiring several return visits to a prosthetist, typically ranging from 5 to 40 visits per year [1][2]. Residuum volume changes provide a considerable challenge to prosthetic socket fitting both in the acute and established phases of rehabilitation, reviewed extensively by Sanders and Fatone [3]. Typically, the residuum volume reduces by 17 to 35 percent in the first 6 mo postamputation in individuals with vascular disease and can stabilize after approximately 100 d [4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A residuum's volume is a common clinical measurement [3] used to identify when it has stabilized such that permanent prosthesis fitting can be attempted. Volume measures are obtained by many methods, including water immersion, standardized tension tape-measure physical circumferences, photometric and anthropometric methods, and surface laser scanning.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Registering methodology for imaging and analysis of residual-limb shape after transtibial amputation

et al. 2016

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Abstract-Successful prosthetic rehabilitation following lower-limb amputation depends upon a safe and comfortable socket-residual limb interface. Current practice predominantly uses a subjective, iterative process to establish socket shape, often requiring several visits to a prosthetist. This study proposes an objective methodology for residual-limb shape scanning and analysis by high-resolution, automated measurements. A 3-D printed "analog" residuum was scanned with three surface digitizers on 10 occasions. Accuracy was measured by the scan-height error between repeat analog scans and the computer-aided design (CAD) geometry and the scan versus CAD volume. Subsequently, 20 male residuum casts from ambulatory individuals with transtibial amputation were scanned by two observers, and 10 were repeat-scanned by one observer. The shape files were aligned spatially, and geometric measurements were extracted. Repeatability was evaluated by intraclass correlation, Bland-Altman analysis of scan volumes, and pairwise root-mean-square error ranges of scan area and width profiles. Submillimeter accuracy was achieved when scanning the analog shape using white light and laser scanning technologies. Scanning male residuum casts was highly repeatable within and between observers. The analysis methodology technique provides clinical researchers and prosthetists the capability to establish their own quantitative, objective, multipatient datasets. This could provide an evidence base for training, long-term follow-up, and interpatient outcome comparison, for decision support in socket design.

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A Prospective Assessment of an Adjustable, Immediate Fit, Transtibial Prosthesis

Dillingham

Kenia

Shofer

et al. 2019

PM&R

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Background There exists a need for an adjustable socket to accommodate residual limb volume and shape changes. Further, limb loss rates globally are rising and there is a large unmet need for affordable and accessible prosthetic systems. Objective To assess the utility of an immediate fit modular prosthetic system (iFIT Prosthetics, LLC). Design Prospective feasibility study involving a 2‐week single‐group pre‐post intervention study. Setting Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation gait laboratory. Participants Participants were at least 6 months post amputation and walking with a conventional prosthesis. They were free of skin wounds, other neurological disorders, and severe pain conditions. Methods Participants were fit with an immediate fit prosthesis and instructed to wear it for a 2‐week evaluation period. They were given a progressive wearing schedule and they completed outcome measurements at the 2‐week follow‐up. Main Outcome Measurements Self‐reported satisfaction, gait biomechanics, and intrasocket peak pressures. Results Twenty‐six participants entered the study, with 22 completing the single group pre‐post study. They averaged 50 years (SD ±10.2) of age; four were female. Sixteen were dysvascular and 10 were traumatic in etiology. Significant differences (P = .03) in self‐reported satisfaction were found in favor of the iFIT device 29.33 (SD ± 4.51) versus the conventional device 25.52 (SD ± 6.8). No falls or limb ischemia were reported. Gait biomechanics revealed no differences across any temporal characteristics. Intrasocket peak pressures were significantly lower for the iFIT prostheses overall (P = .0014), at the anterior tibia (P = .0002), and the lateral side of the residual limb (P = .013). Conclusions The iFIT transtibial prosthetic system appears to be safe in this short‐term single‐group pre‐post study. This study provided preliminary evidence to support the feasibility of the iFIT system. It compared favorably to participants' conventional prostheses across all outcome measures. With its cost, adjustability, and accessibility advantages, this device may prove useful for persons with transtibial amputations. A larger multicenter study is needed to confirm these results. Level of Evidence III

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Residual limb volume change: Systematic review of measurement and management

Cited by 180 publications

References 62 publications

Examination of anticipated chemical shift and shape distortion effect on materials commonly used in prosthetic socket fabrication when measured using MRI: A validation study

Examination of anticipated chemical shift and shape distortion effect on materials commonly used in prosthetic socket fabrication when measured using MRI: A validation study

Registering methodology for imaging and analysis of residual-limb shape after transtibial amputation

A Prospective Assessment of an Adjustable, Immediate Fit, Transtibial Prosthesis

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