Residential immersive life skills programs for youth with disabilities: Experiences of parents and shifts in parenting approaches

Abstract

Introduction: Residential immersive life skills (RILS) programs are designed for youth with disabilities and facilitate the development of adaptive behaviors for life skills required to navigate adulthood. This study explored parents' experiences of the RILS program journey, shifts in parenting approaches, and the implications of those shifts. Methods: This study draws on twenty-three qualitative interviews that were conducted with nine parents of youth who attended RILS programs in Ontario, Canada. Three rounds of interviews were conducted at three different time points: Pre-program, 3 months post-program, and 12 months post-program. Data were analyzed using a constructivist grounded theory approach. Results: The interviews captured parents' experiences of the RILS program journey and how their parenting changed as a result. Three overarching themes emerged: (1) Anticipation of RILS programs served as a catalyst for experiencing positive and negative tensions in parenting; (2) Parenting shifted following RILS programs; and (3) Where parenting shifts were limited, challenges for youth arose and reduced youth future growth. Conclusion: Parenting approaches can shift as a result of youth attending RILS programs. These shifts can create complex and challenging implications for parents as they seek to further encourage youths' development. This study offers an understanding of the implications of parenting during youths' developmental transition of adolescence to adulthood, and offers recommendations to further support parents in sustaining youth development of life skills during this developmental transition.

The Transformative Nature of Residential Immersive Life Skills Programs: Integrating Findings from a Five-Year Prospective Study of Program Opportunities, Youth Experiences, and Outcomes

“…Thus, participation in a RILS program can be a life-changing experience for some youth [ 29 ], leading to greater awareness of life possibilities, enhancements in self-confidence and self-efficacy, and accelerated personal growth [ 24 , 25 , 28 ]. It is important to note that youth varied in the extent of their personal growth and that some youth did not experience benefits due, in part, to lower levels of parent support for changes once they had returned to their home environment [ 29 , 50 ]. Parents differed in their capacity to support the development and maintenance of their youth’s personal growth [ 29 ].…”

“… Evidence for Youth Outcomes from RILS Programs. This figure refers to findings from several articles [ 1 , 33 , 34 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 50 ]. …”

Measuring parenting capacity for disabled children using a child protection assessment

“…Overall, considerations of support for parents of disabled children is crucial as literature suggests that it may be more difficult to parent a disabled child, although this should not imply that the vast majority of parents are not loving, caring and attentive (Duff et al, 2019;Jahng, 2020;Pickar & Kaufman, 2015). Difficulty can be evident in such cases as child to parent violence, 'challenging behaviour' (Heslop et al, 2019), or indeed parenting of young people with substantial health and medical needs where complications are encountered that other parents circumvent (Hatzmann et al, 2014).…”