Reserve, thin form-factor, hypochlorite-based cells for powering portable systems: Manufacture (including MEMS processes), performance and characterization

Flexible fiber batteries for applications in smart textiles

“…Among a large number of galvanic cells, the Al-NaOCl system has been comprehensively studied due to its advantages such as cost-effectiveness, availability of the chemical components and high current-carrying capacity [4,5]. Among a large number of galvanic cells, the Al-NaOCl system has been comprehensively studied due to its advantages such as cost-effectiveness, availability of the chemical components and high current-carrying capacity [4,5].…”

Novel enhancement of thin-form-factor galvanic cells: Probing halogenated organic oxidizers and metal anodes

“…and oxidation of M, releasing m electron-moles per mole of M, in the anode half-reaction [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] …”

“…Faradic efficiencies were between 40 and 60% and the energy content attendant to the active cell materials was found to be of the same order of magnitude as those of commercially available batteries (40-120 Wh kg −1 ) at low current densities (1.4 × 10 −2 to 4.9 × 10 −2 mA cm −2 ). However, at larger current densities, the cells' Faradic efficiency and specific energy dropped to 9.5% and 20 Wh kg −1 , respectively, for cells with inter-electrode separation in the sub-millimeter range [35]. This manuscript describes (1) the performance of cells containing aluminum and a series of halogenated organic oxidizers, and (2) the performance of cells that contained the best organic oxidizer from the aluminum experiment and a series of metal anodes in thinform-factor cells [36,37].…”

“…Bleach solutions coupled with Al and Zn in thinform-factor, MEMS-fabricated cells provided sufficient specific energy and energy densities to power MEMS and/or other lowpower-requirement devices [35]. Faradic efficiencies were between 40 and 60% and the energy content attendant to the active cell materials was found to be of the same order of magnitude as those of commercially available batteries (40-120 Wh kg −1 ) at low current densities (1.4 × 10 −2 to 4.9 × 10 −2 mA cm −2 ).…”

Biofluid Activated Microbattery for Disposable Microsystems

“…Unfortunately, battery manufacturers still employ manufacturing techniques that are not capable of delivering disposable and biocompatible power sources with a small enough form factor that could be integrated with the before mentioned microsystems. Many of the research efforts have been directed towards the utilization of semiconductor device fabrication technology to develop batteries at the micro scale [9]- [13]. A variety of microbattery architectures have been proposed ranging from complex 3-dimensional structures to ink jet printed batteries [14]- [19], but many obstacles are still impeding their implementation into microsystems.…”