Novel enhancement of thin-form-factor galvanic cells: Probing halogenated organic oxidizers and metal anodes

Evaluation of reagentless pH modification for in situ ocean analysis: determination of dissolved inorganic carbon using mass spectrometry

“…Carbon foil (CF) and silver are relatively low-cost common electrodes in galvanic cells. Nickel and Pd, also used as electrodes in fuel and other galvanic cells, [20] were tested to observe their behavior as catalyst metals. Gold and platinum were avoided to maintain low cost.…”

Recent Developments of Semi-fuel Cells for Powering Underwater Sensors and Platforms

“…Recent investigations have considered metal-anode systems and solid oxidizer materials for the development of semi-fuel systems (20)(21)(22)(23). Major advantageous features of using solid oxidizers in water-activated schemes are: 1) they are generally safer to handle than liquid solutions (or gases), 2) they have inherently higher current and energy capacity (since they are not dissolved), and 3) if appropriately packaged, they will not degrade over time.…”

“…Table I shows the characteristics of other oxidizers reported in the past as cathodes in reserve cells, as well as the price (in 2008 dollars) if the material were to be utilized at 100% to deliver the charge and energy. The table also shows characteristics of the novel solid oxidizers that have been reported by SRI researchers (20)(21)(22)(23); these characteristics are summarized in the columns at the right side of the table. 3.75 3.20 1) Takes into account purity of the commercial form.…”

“…In light of the decision to investigate the use of aluminum-anode chemistries, it is pertinent to cite previous works that have used this metal as an active battery material. Many oxidant solutions, (9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36) and even gases such as oxygen (9)(10)(11)(12) and chlorine (37), have been paired with aluminum to form galvanic couples. A summary that shows some of chemistries considered to have high capacity, and estimates of theoretical performance, are presented in Table II.…”

“…Novel chemistries continue to be developed for use in water-activated batteries, expanding the variety of systems available for underwater applications (20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that if these galvanic cells were to be incorporated in deployable platforms, they could be activated using ambient seawater (21)(22)(23)(24). The present study focuses on the use of such chemistries for their implementation in semi-fuel cells.…”