Reserve lipids and plant autophagy

Masclaux-Daubresse, Céline; d’Andréa, Sabine; Bouchez, Isabelle; Cacas, Jean‐Luc

doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa082

Cited by 23 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Autophagy is a ubiquitous process that plays important roles in plant development and senescence to maintain essential cellular functions and life activities [ 3 , 7 , 19 ]. Extensive studies have indicated that autophagy is important for N utilization [ 26 – 29 ], fatty acid/lipid homeostasis [ 13 – 15 ] and the degradation of damaged chloroplasts [ 16 , 17 ] or aggregated proteins [ 18 ] in plants. Although a previous study revealed that autophagy is essential for maintaining the balance of amino acid metabolism in P. patens [ 30 ], how this process regulates C/N status and fatty acid metabolism in moss has been largely unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of these proteins have homologs in plants. Autophagy plays multiple physiological roles in plants, functioning in processes such as biotic and abiotic stress responses [ 9 , 10 ], anther development [ 11 ], leaf starch degradation [ 12 ], lipid/fatty acid homeostasis and turnover [ 11 , 13 – 15 ], damaged chloroplast degradation [ 16 , 17 ], soluble/aggregated protein degradation [ 18 ] and senescence [ 2 , 19 ]. ATG3 is an E2-like enzyme involved in the ATG8 and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) conjugation system during autophagosome formation [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comprehensive analysis of the Ppatg3 mutant reveals that autophagy plays important roles in gametophore senescence in Physcomitrella patens

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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Background Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved system for the degradation of intracellular components in eukaryotic organisms. Autophagy plays essential roles in preventing premature senescence and extending the longevity of vascular plants. However, the mechanisms and physiological roles of autophagy in preventing senescence in basal land plants are still obscure. Results Here, we investigated the functional roles of the autophagy-related gene PpATG3 from Physcomitrella patens and demonstrated that its deletion prevents autophagy. In addition, Ppatg3 mutant showed premature gametophore senescence and reduced protonema formation compared to wild-type (WT) plants under normal growth conditions. The abundance of nitrogen (N) but not carbon (C) differed significantly between Ppatg3 mutant and WT plants, as did relative fatty acid levels. In vivo protein localization indicated that PpATG3 localizes to the cytoplasm, and in vitro Y2H assays confirmed that PpATG3 interacts with PpATG7 and PpATG12. Plastoglobuli (PGs) accumulated in Ppatg3, indicating that the process that degrades damaged chloroplasts in senescent gametophore cells was impaired in this mutant. RNA-Seq uncovered a detailed, comprehensive set of regulatory pathways that were affected by the autophagy mutation. Conclusions The autophagy-related gene PpATG3 is essential for autophagosome formation in P. patens. Our findings provide evidence that autophagy functions in N utilization, fatty acid metabolism and damaged chloroplast degradation under non-stress conditions. We identified differentially expressed genes in Ppatg3 involved in numerous biosynthetic and metabolic pathways, such as chlorophyll biosynthesis, lipid metabolism, reactive oxygen species removal and the recycling of unnecessary proteins that might have led to the premature senescence of this mutant due to defective autophagy. Our study provides new insights into the role of autophagy in preventing senescence to increase longevity in basal land plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive analysis of the Ppatg3 mutant reveals that autophagy plays important roles in gametophore senescence in Physcomitrella patens

Chen

Wang

et al. 2020

BMC Plant Biol

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“…The failure to retrieve lipase activity in haustorium and endosperm samples could have come from the fact that a physical association with proteins and, perhaps, peroxisomes is necessary [ 29 ]. Alternatively, lipid remobilization could also involve autophagy, as recently suggested for other seed systems [ 20 ]. In any case, free fatty acids liberated by TAG hydrolysis must then be transferred to the haustorium, where enzymes of β-oxidation are located [ 5 , 7 ].…”

Section: Lipid Remobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible that a hormone (such as a gibberellin) is involved but this is presently uncertain (see below the section Control of Germination). In other species with oleaginous seeds, such as Arabidopsis , proteins can also be directed to hydrolysis via the proteasome (summarized in [ 20 ]). Presumably, amino acids produced therefrom can easily penetrate into the haustorium via transporters (currently not characterized in oil palm).…”

Section: Non-lipid Reserve Remobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seed Germination in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): A Review of Metabolic Pathways and Control Mechanisms

Cui

Lamade

Tcherkez

2020

IJMS

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Oil palm is an oil-producing crop of major importance at the global scale. Oil palm mesocarp lipids are used for myriads industrial applications, and market demand has been growing for decades. In addition, oil palm seeds are oleaginous, and the oil extracted therefrom can be used for several purposes, from food to cosmetics. As such, there is a huge need in oil palm seeds to maintain the global cohort of more than 2 billion trees. However, oil palm seed germination is a rather difficult process, not only to break dormancy, but also because it is long and often reaches lower-than-expected germination rates. Surprisingly, despite the crucial importance of germination for oil palm plantation management, our knowledge is still rather limited, in particular about germinating oil palm seed metabolism. The present review incorporates different pieces of information that have been obtained in the past few years, in oil palm and in other palm species, in order to provide an overview of germination metabolism and its control. Further insights can also be gained from other oleaginous model plants, such as Arabidopsis or canola, however, palm seeds have peculiarities that must be accounted for, to gain a better understanding of germinating seed metabolism.

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“…In maize ( Zea mays ), atg12-1 mutant presented a higher LD number, which could reflect active LD assembly or disruption of LD catabolism (Mcloughin et al, 2020). It remains contentious, however, whether autophagy mediates the biogenesis or degradation of LDs in vegetative tissues (Elander et al, 2018; Barros et al, 2020; Masclaux-Daubresse et al, 2020). Although recent studies have clearly revealed an interplay between autophagy and lipid metabolism (Mcloughin et al,2018, 2020; Have et al, 2019; Fan et al, 2019), relatively little is known about the role of autophagy in the mobilization of lipid components under energy limitation conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autophagy is required for lipid homeostasis during dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis

Barros

Magen

Lapidot-Cohen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved mechanism that mediates the degradation of cytoplasmic components in eukaryotic cells. In plants, autophagy has been extensively associated with the recycling of proteins during carbon starvation conditions. Even tough lipids constitute a significant energy reserve, our understanding of the function of autophagy in the management of cell lipid reserves and components remains fragmented. To further investigate the significance of autophagy in lipid metabolism, we performed an extensive lipidomic characterization of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) autophagy mutants (atg) submitted to dark-induced senescence conditions. Our results revealed an altered lipid profile in atg mutants, suggesting that autophagy affects the homeostasis of multiple lipid components under dark-induced senescence. The acute degradation of chloroplast lipids coupled with the differential accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) and plastoglobuli-related transcripts indicates an alternative metabolic reprogramming towards lipid storage in atg mutants. The imbalance of lipid metabolism compromises the production of cytosolic lipid droplets and the regulation of peroxisomal lipid oxidation pathways in atg mutants.One-sentence summaryAutophagy is required for the mobilization of membrane lipid components and lipid droplet dynamics during extended darkness in Arabidopsis.

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Reserve lipids and plant autophagy

Cited by 23 publications

References 68 publications

Comprehensive analysis of the Ppatg3 mutant reveals that autophagy plays important roles in gametophore senescence in Physcomitrella patens

Comprehensive analysis of the Ppatg3 mutant reveals that autophagy plays important roles in gametophore senescence in Physcomitrella patens

Seed Germination in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.): A Review of Metabolic Pathways and Control Mechanisms

Autophagy is required for lipid homeostasis during dark-induced senescence in Arabidopsis

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