Researches on the Variations of Oceanographic Conditions in the Region of the Ocean Weather Station “ Extra ” in the North Pacific Ocean (III)

Abstract

The author's intention is to investigate the variation of hydrographic conditions in the sea region of the Ocean Weather Station " Extra " (39°N , 153°E) from the standpoint of heat balance. The heat exchange between sea and atmosphere, also, is examined for the same region, which examination is necessary for carrying out the said intention.The main results obtained are summarized as follows : 1) The evaporation from the sea surface, the " BOWEN ratio ", the sensible heat given to the atmosphere, and the total energy loss from the sea surface have all a similar type of seasonal variation, with larger values in winter and smaller ones in summer.2) On an annual average, the amount of heat brought into the region of St. " Extra " by ocean currents is comparable to the amount of heat used for evaporation which is about twice as large as the effective radiation, and plays the most important part in the heat balance.Of course, the relations are different for the seasonal and the monthly values.3) St. "Extra", when compared with another Ocean Weather Station " Tango " (29°N, 135°E) on the Sea adjacent to Japan, is characterized, in general, by a little lower evaporation, much greater sensible heat exchange, and, in annual mean, greater total energy exchange.4) The most important conclusion as to the seasonal variation of hydrographic conditions is that the Kuroshio water is ordinarily prevalent in the region of St. " Extra " from spring to autumn, while in winter a water mass of Oyashio origin predominantly flows into this region.

In Situ Measurement of Solar Radiation over the Sea South of Japan

“…It may be helpful to compare these values with the previous estimates for the experimental sea area. Koizumi (1956), Maeda (1965) and Kurasawa et al (1983) estimated the insolations from the marine meteorological elements obtained at the former Ocean Weather Station "T" (29°N, 135°E). They used different empirical formulae and the estimation periods were also different from each other.…”