Abstract:Orchards and vineyards can be exposed to climatic phenomena with unfavorable effects on tree growth and fruiting, such as: winter frosts, frosts and late spring frosts, hail, icing, etc. Smoke and heat are a valuable ally of fruit and vine growers, often intervening in preventing and limiting the negative effects of frosts and frosts on fruit trees and vines during the periods of budding, flowering and fruit binding. The accident is due to the freezing of water in the cellular structure of the vegetative organ… Show more
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