“…Questions of how to incorporate ELLs into large‐scale academic accountability systems have yet to be completely answered, although the usage of testing accommodations has been viewed as a key method to meaningfully incorporate ELLs into these assessments (Butler & Stevens, 2001; Rivera & Stansfield, 2003). Unfortunately, however, research on testing accommodations has yielded mixed results regarding their overall effectiveness with ELLs (Abedi, 2001; Abedi, Courtney, & Leon, 2003; Emick, Kopriva, Chen, Mislevy, & Carr, 2006; Mann, Emick, Cho, & Kopriva, 2006).…”