Research Strategies for Nutritional and Physical Activity Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention

Mahabir, Somdat; Willett, Walter C.; Friedenreich, Christine M.; Lai, Gabriel Y.; Boushey, Carol J.; Matthews, Charles E.; Sinha, Rashmi; Colditz, Graham A.; Rothwell, Joseph A.; Reedy, Jill; Patel, Alpa V.; Leitzmann, Michael F.; Fraser, Gary E.; Ross, Sharon E. Taverno; Hursting, Stephen D.; Abnet, Christian C.; Kushi, Lawrence H.; Taylor, Philip R.; Prentice, Ross L.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-17-0509

Cited by 15 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…20,21 Similarly, physical activity is inversely associated with risk of cancer, yet understanding the details of dose-response relationships and the critical time points in life at which benefits may be observed has been constrained by measurement challenges, confounding by obesity, and the limited number of intervention trials. 20 One major change in cancer prevention guidelines over time, which reflects the current and evolving scientific evidence, has been a shift from a reductionist or nutrient-centric approach to a more holistic concept of diet that is characterized as dietary patterns. A focus on dietary patterns, in contrast to individual nutrients and bioactive compounds, is more consistent with what and how people actually eat.…”

Section: Be Physically Activementioning

confidence: 99%

American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention

Rock

Thomson

Gansler

et al. 2020

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

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472

325

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The American Cancer Society (ACS) publishes the Diet and Physical Activity Guideline to serve as a foundation for its communication, policy, and community strategies and, ultimately, to affect dietary and physical activity patterns among Americans. This guideline is developed by a national panel of experts in cancer research, prevention, epidemiology, public health, and policy, and reflects the most current scientific evidence related to dietary and activity patterns and cancer risk. The ACS guideline focuses on recommendations for individual choices regarding diet and physical activity patterns, but those choices occur within a community context that either facilitates or creates barriers to healthy behaviors. Therefore, this committee presents recommendations for community action to accompany the 4 recommendations for individual choices to reduce cancer risk. These recommendations for community action recognize that a supportive social and physical environment is indispensable if individuals at all levels of society are to have genuine opportunities to choose healthy behaviors.

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Section: Be Physically Activementioning

confidence: 99%

American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention

Rock

Thomson

Gansler

et al. 2020

CA A Cancer J Clinicians

Self Cite

472

325

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…More recently, the American College of Sports Medicine [ 1 ] and the United States Department of Health and Human Services [ 4 ] have concluded strong evidence for the relationship between aerobic MVPA and reduced risk of seven types of cancer: breast, colon, endometrial, esophagus, kidney, bladder and stomach. Nevertheless, the potential effect of different types of physical activity for cancer prevention remains unclear [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Muscle-strengthening activities and cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Nascimento

Ferrari

Martins

et al. 2021

Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act

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Background Physical activity has been associated with reduced risk of seven types of cancer. It remains unclear, however, whether muscle-strengthening activities also reduce cancer incidence and mortality. Methods PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus were searched from inception to March 2020. Summary hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using random-effects models. Results Twelve studies (11 cohorts; 1 case-control), 6 to 25 years of follow-up, including 1,297,620 participants, 32,196 cases and 31,939 deaths, met inclusion criteria. Muscle-strengthening activities were associated with a 26% lower incidence of kidney cancer (HR for high vs low levels of muscle-strengthening activities: 0.74; 95% CI 0.56 to 0.98; I2 0%; 2 studies), but not with incidence of other 12 types of cancer. Muscle-strengthening activities were associated with lower total cancer mortality: HRs for high vs low levels of muscle-strengthening activities was 0.87 (95% CI 0.73 to 1.02; I2 58%; 6 studies); and HR for ≥2 times/week vs < 2 times/week of muscle-strengthening activities was 0.81 (95% CI 0.74 to 0.87; I2 0%; 4 studies). Regarding the weekly duration of muscle-strengthening activities, HR for total cancer mortality were 0.91 (95% CI 0.82 to 1.01; I2 0%; 2 studies) for 1–59 min/week and 0.98 (95% CI 0.89 to 1.07; I2 0%) for ≥60 min/week vs none. Combined muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities (vs none) were associated with a 28% lower total cancer mortality (HR 0.72; 95% CI 0.53 to 0.98; I2 85%; 3 studies). Conclusions Muscle-strengthening activities were associated with reduced incidence of kidney cancer and total cancer mortality. Combined muscle-strengthening and aerobic activities may provide a greater reduction in total cancer mortality.

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“…Several recent publications (1)(2)(3)(4) have emphasized the potential of biomarkers to objectively assess intake of nutrients, foods, and dietary patterns, and to strengthen nutritional epidemiology research, which to date has almost exclusively relied on selfreported dietary data. A recent editorial (5) argued that it is "now imperative to move these biomarkers into practice" while also cautioning that biomarkers are needed that "can aid dietary assessment by acting as objective measures of intake," rather than just serving as correlates of intake.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of blood concentration biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology: example of carotenoid and tocopherol intake in relation to chronic disease risk

Prentice

Pettinger

Neuhouser

et al. 2019

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background Biomarkers provide potential to objectively measure the intake of nutrients and foods, and thereby to strengthen nutritional epidemiology association studies. However, there are only a few established intake biomarkers, mostly based on recovery of nutrients or their metabolites in urine. Blood concentration measures provide a potential biomarker source for many additional nutritional variables, but their use in disease-association studies requires further development. Objective The aim of this study was to apply recently proposed serum-based carotenoid and tocopherol intake biomarkers and to examine their association with the incidence of major cardiovascular diseases, cancers, and diabetes in a subset of Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohorts. Methods Serum concentrations of α- and β-carotene, lutein plus zeaxanthin (L + Z), and α-tocopherol were routinely measured at baseline in a subset of 5488 enrollees in WHI cohorts. Intake biomarkers for these 4 micronutrients, obtained by combining serum concentrations with participant characteristics, were recently proposed using a 153-woman feeding study within WHI. These biomarker equations are augmented here to include pertinent disease risk factors and are associated with subsequent chronic disease incidence in this WHI subset. Results HRs for a doubling of micronutrient intake differed only moderately from the null for the outcomes considered. However, somewhat lower risks of specific cardiovascular outcomes, breast cancer, and diabetes were associated with a higher intake of α- and β-carotene, lower risk of diabetes was associated with higher L + Z intake, and elevated risks of certain cardiovascular outcomes were associated with a higher intake of α-tocopherol. These patterns remained following the exclusion of baseline users of dietary supplements. Conclusions Concentration biomarkers can be calculated from blood specimens obtained in large epidemiologic cohorts and applied directly in disease-association analyses, without relying on self-reported dietary data. Observed associations between carotenoid and tocopherol biomarkers and chronic disease risk could be usefully evaluated further using stored serum specimens on the entire WHI cohort. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00000611.

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Research Strategies for Nutritional and Physical Activity Epidemiology and Cancer Prevention

Cited by 15 publications

References 113 publications

American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention

American Cancer Society guideline for diet and physical activity for cancer prevention

Muscle-strengthening activities and cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Application of blood concentration biomarkers in nutritional epidemiology: example of carotenoid and tocopherol intake in relation to chronic disease risk

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