Research Progress on the Role of Vitamin D in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Wang, Jing; Huang, Haoyu; Liu, Chunming; Zhang, Yangping; Wang, Wenjuan; Zou, Zhuo; Yang, Lei; He, Xuemei; Wu, Jinting; Ma, Jing; Liu, Yun

doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2022.859151

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…An increase in oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction can produce neural damage. Also, autistic disorder is associated with a deficiency in GABA neurotransmitters as well as serotonin and dopamine (37).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our study, administering vitamins D and E effectively improved rat function in rotarod, anxiety, and spatial learning tests. Vitamins D and E have powerful antioxidants (28,37), anti-inflammatory (41), and neurotransmitter regulatory effects (26,37). For the GABA inhibitory system, vitamin E creates a balance in activates of the enzymes converting glutamate to GABA in different brain regions (42); also, mice with vitamin D deficiency have shown a large decrease in GAD 65/67 expression in the whole brain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vitamins D and E Improve Valproic Acid-Induced Autistic-Like Behaviors and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Offspring

Abbarin

Vafaei

Pour

et al. 2023

Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud

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Background: Autism spectrum is a type of developmental-neurodegenerative disease commonly reflected in social communications and associated with oxidative stress in the brain. Vitamins D and E, as strong antioxidants, may improve autistic-like behavioral disorders. Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of vitamins D and E on pain, threshold, motor coordination, and anxiety behavior, as well as oxidative stress parameters in an autistic model in rats. Methods: We induced an experimental model of congenital autism in the rat by injection of valproic acid (500 mg/kg) into pregnant rats on the day 12.5th of gestation. From postnatal day 30 to 60, male offspring received daily injections of vitamins D (5 µg/kg) and/or E (10 mg/kg) or vehicle. Next, their anxiety levels were assessed with the elevated plus maze and open field, pain thresholds with hot plate, motor and balance with rotarod, and spatial learning and memory with T-maze. The rat brain was then removed to measure oxidative markers, including Malondialdehyde, Glutathione, and Catalase. Results: Results indicated that injection of valproic acid-induced autistic-like behaviors, including increased pain threshold, increased anxiety, decreased exploring behaviors, reduced balance power, and motor learning, and produced oxidative stress. Administration of vitamins D and E significantly ameliorated these symptoms. Conclusions: These findings may indicate that vitamins D and E improved sensory, motor, anxiety, and cognitive deficits in an experimental model of autism, probably by reducing the oxidative stress and inflammatory process or maintaining balance in the neurotransmitter system.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vitamins D and E Improve Valproic Acid-Induced Autistic-Like Behaviors and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Offspring

Abbarin

Vafaei

Pour

et al. 2023

Middle East J Rehabil Health Stud

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“…Vitamin D is an active neurosteroid that plays a crucial neuroprotective role in the developing brain ( Ali et al, 2018 ). In particular, risk factors related to ASD—such as air pollution, cloudy weather, seasonal factors, and migration of dark-skinned immigrants to poleward latitudes—are all associated with vitamin D deficiency ( Wang et al, 2022 ). Current studies have found a low serum vitamin D level in children with ASD, which is negatively correlated with the symptoms of ASD children ( Guo et al, 2019 ; Wang et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At present, there is vast evidence supporting the relationship between vitamin D and ASD, including at the animal model, cellular, and physiological levels. However, there is still a lack of evidence from large-sample randomized controlled trials (RCTs), leading to a lack of consensus on the role of vitamin D in children with ASD ( Wang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for developmental quotients in ASD children: A cross-sectional study

et al. 2023

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ObjectiveTo analyze the risk factors for developmental quotients (DQs) of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and to better understand the effects of screen time on neurodevelopment in children with ASD.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed the data of 382 children with ASD, including demographic profiles; socioeconomic status; score on the Chinese parent–child interaction scale (CPCIS); screen time questionnaire; ASD symptom rating scales, including the Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule Second Edition (ADOS-2); and DQs using Griffiths Development Scales–Chinese Edition. Univariate analysis was carried out to analyze the factors related to the DQs of children with ASD, and then the linear regression model was used to identify the independent influencing factors of the DQs of children with ASD.ResultsVitamin D (β = 0.180, p = 0.002), age (β = −0.283, p = 0.000) and CARS score (β = −0.347, p = 0.000) are risk factors related to DQ of locomotor in children with ASD. Vitamin D (β = 0.108, p = 0.034), CARS score (β = −0.503, p = 0.000), ADOS-2 severity score (β = −0.109, p = 0.045) and CPCIS score (β = 0.198, p = 0.000) are risk factors related to DQ of personal social skill in children with ASD. Vitamin D (β = 0.130, p = 0.018), CARS score (β = −0.469, p = 0.000), and CPCIS score (β = 0.133, p = 0.022) are risk factors related to DQ of hearing-speech in children with ASD. Vitamin D (β = 0.163, p = 0.003) and CARS score (β = −0.471, p = 0.000) are risk factors related to DQ of eye-hand coordination in children with ASD. Age (β = −0.140, p = 0.020), CARS score (β = −0.342, p = 0.000), ADOS-2 severity score (β = −0.133, p = 0.034) and CPCIS score (β = 0.193, p = 0.002) are risk factors related to DQ of performance in children with ASD. Vitamin D (β = 0.801, p = 0.000) and CPCIS score (β = 0.394, p = 0.019) are risk factors related to DQ of practical reasoning in children with ASD.ConclusionVitamin D status, the severity of autistic symptoms and parent-child interaction are risk factors for developmental quotients in children with ASD. Screen exposure time is negatively associated with DQs in children with ASD but is not an independent risk factor for DQs.

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“…Further, lower levels of vitamin D were reported in ASD children compared with neurotypical controls [ 12 , 13 , 14 ], and vitamin D supplementation was suggested to exert a potential beneficial effect in these children [ 15 ]. However, a clear consensus on the role of vitamin D in the pathogenesis of ASD has not been reached [ 16 ]. Different genes are involved in the vitamin D pathway, including (1) the vitamin D receptor ( VDR ) gene, a nuclear hormone receptor within the central nervous system [ 17 ]; (2) genes involved in the activation and degradation of vitamin D ( CYP2R1 , CYP27B1 , and CYP24A1 ) [ 18 ]; (3) the vitamin D binding protein ( DBP ) gene, which codifies for the protein that binds vitamin D metabolites in plasma [ 19 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC1f Vitamin D Binding Protein Isoform as a Marker of Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorders

et al. 2022

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by a wide spectrum of clinical, behavioral, and cognitive manifestations. It is, therefore, crucial to investigate possible biomarkers associated with specific ASD phenotypes. Ample literature suggests a possible role for vitamin D (VD) in influencing ASD clinical phenotypes. We analyzed three vitamin D binding protein gene (DBP) functional polymorphisms (rs2282679, rs7041, and rs4588), which are involved in the modulation of vitamin D serum concentration in 309 ASD children and 831 healthy controls. Frequency comparisons of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) alleles, genotypes, and GC isoforms (GC1f, G1s, and GC2)—generated by the combination of rs7041 and rs4588 alleles—were correlated with ASD diagnostic, behavioral, and functioning scales. The GC1f isoform was significantly more frequent in ASD compared with controls (18.6% vs. 14.5% pc = 0.02). Significantly higher scores for item 15 of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and lower ones for the Children’s Global Assessment Scale (CGAS) functioning scales were seen in ASD carrying the GC1f isoform. In GC phenotype analysis, a gradient of severity for overall CARS scores and CARS item 15 was observed, with scores decreasing according to the presence of GC1f-GC1f > GC1f-GC1s > GC1s-GC1s > GC1f-GC2 > GC2-GC2 isoforms. Similarly, lower CGAS scores were seen in carriers of the GC1f-GC1f isoform, whereas higher scores were present in those carrying GC2-GC2 (p = 0.028). This is the first study to evaluate possible relationships between GC variants and the different aspects of ASD in Italian ASD children. Results, although needing to be validated in ampler cohorts, suggest that the GC1f isoform could be a marker of severity in ASD that may be useful in establishing the intensity of therapeutic and rehabilitative protocols.

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Research Progress on the Role of Vitamin D in Autism Spectrum Disorder

Cited by 12 publications

References 108 publications

Vitamins D and E Improve Valproic Acid-Induced Autistic-Like Behaviors and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Offspring

Vitamins D and E Improve Valproic Acid-Induced Autistic-Like Behaviors and Oxidative Stress in the Rat Offspring

Risk factors for developmental quotients in ASD children: A cross-sectional study

GC1f Vitamin D Binding Protein Isoform as a Marker of Severity in Autism Spectrum Disorders

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