Research progress on near-infrared long persistent phosphor materials in biomedical applications

Abstract

After the excitation is stopped, long persistent phosphors materials (LPPs) can emit light for a long time. The most important feature is that it allows the separation of excitation and...

Current Developments in Emerging Lanthanide‐Doped Persistent Luminescent Scintillators and Their Applications

“…Lanthanide ions such as Eu 3+ , Tb 3+ , Dy 3+ , Sm 3+ , Pr 3+ , Ce 3+ are widely used as emitters or trap centers due to their unique long‐lived excited and emitting states and excellent persistent luminescence. Up to now, several potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of PersL [46,53, 60, 61] . However, a unified model for the mechanism behind this material has not been established due to the complex physical processes and limitations in analytical techniques.…”

“…Up to now, several potential mechanisms have been proposed to explain the phenomenon of PersL. [46,53,60,61] However, a unified model for the mechanism behind this material has not been established due to the complex physical processes and limitations in analytical techniques. Herein, we introduce four models to illustrate the PersL mechanism under X-ray excitation, which are electron trapping-detrapping model, hole trapping-detrapping model, electron/hole recombination model and electron/hole energy transfer recombination model, respectively.…”