Research progress of nitrate ester binders

Dou, Jinkang; Xu, Minghui; Tan, Bojun; Lu, Xin; Hu, Mo; Wang, Bozhou; Liu, Ning

doi:10.1016/j.fpc.2022.09.003

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…Oxygen-rich binders, which contain groups such as NE, nitro, and nitramine, are utilized in solid propellant formulations to enhance energy output and oxygen balance. 99 The method of creating these binders includes either polymerization of oxygenrich monomers or through chemical modification of inert polymers. Recent studies have investigated the properties of oxygen-rich based copolymer.…”

Section: Oxygen-rich Based Copolymer Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These polymers are often used as additives for PBEs or CSPs because of their ability to release large amounts of energy rapidly. Oxygen‐rich binders, which contain groups such as NE, nitro, and nitramine, are utilized in solid propellant formulations to enhance energy output and oxygen balance 99 . The method of creating these binders includes either polymerization of oxygen‐rich monomers or through chemical modification of inert polymers.…”

Section: Oxygen‐rich Based Copolymer Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on energetic copolymer binders for propulsion applications: Synthesis and properties

Touidjine

Boulkadid

Akbi

et al. 2023

Journal of Polymer Science

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This article aims to outline the current progress in the field of energetic copolymer binders for composite solid propellants (CSPs). Propellants, which are a type of energetic material, are used to generate thrust in rockets and missiles, and they are generally less sensitive than explosives. The common formulations of CSPs contain several different chemical compounds that are typically bound together by a polymeric matrix to form a continuous solid. The use of inert polymers, however, does not enhance the overall specific impulse of the propellant. Energetic copolymers have emerged as a compelling category of binders for CSPs in recent years, offering potential advantages over traditional binders such as improved performance, enhanced safety, and increased manufacturing efficiency. The paper reviews the various types of energetic copolymer binders that have been developed, their potential advantages and drawbacks, and the current challenges and opportunities in the field. It suggests directions for future research and development and aims to provide a useful resource for researchers and practitioners interested in the use of energetic copolymer binders toward CSPs.

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Section: Oxygen-rich Based Copolymer Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oxygen‐rich Based Copolymer Bindersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on energetic copolymer binders for propulsion applications: Synthesis and properties

Touidjine

Boulkadid

Akbi

et al. 2023

Journal of Polymer Science

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“…A molecule of nitrate consists of a nitrogen atom covalently bonded to three oxygen atoms and has the empirical formula NO 3 – . However, organic forms of nitrates have the general molecular formula RONO 2 , where R is the molecular formula of any organic compound . They are a class of ester compounds formed by the reaction of nitric acids with alcohols …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perovskite Oxides: Syntheses and Perspectives on Their Application for Nitrate Reduction

Bayode,

Ore,

Nnamani

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Over the decades, the rise in nitrate levels in the ecosystem has posed a serious threat to the continuous existence of humans, fauna, and flora. The deleterious effects of increasing levels of nitrates in the ecosystem have led to adverse health and environmental implications in the form of methemoglobinemia and eutrophication, respectively. Different pathways/routes for the syntheses of perovskites and their oxides were presented in this review. In recent times, electrocatalytic reduction has emerged as the most utilized technique for the conversion of nitrates into ammonia, an industrial feedstock. According to published papers, the efficiency of various perovskites and their oxides used for the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrate achieved a high Faradaic efficiency of 98%. Furthermore, studies published have shown that there is a need to improve the chemical stability of perovskites and their oxides during scale-up applications, as well as their scalability for industrial applications.

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“…[4][5][6] Nowadays, the commonly used curing reactions are achieved by the urethane-based addition of hydroxyl-terminated pre-polymers with isocyanates to yield crosslinked polyurethane (PU) networks. [7][8][9][10] However, such reactions suffer from some deficiencies, such as high-temperature conditions, moisture sensitivity and environmental hazards. 11,12 In addition, isocyanates usually are incompatible with some energetic oxidizers such as ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and hydrazinium nitroformate (HNF), limiting their practical and further application in high energy propellants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient metal-free crosslinking of common propellant binders using nitrile oxide–alkene click ligation

Dou,

Cheng,

Tan

et al. 2023

Polym. Chem.

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Research progress of nitrate ester binders

Cited by 11 publications

References 71 publications

Review on energetic copolymer binders for propulsion applications: Synthesis and properties

Review on energetic copolymer binders for propulsion applications: Synthesis and properties

Perovskite Oxides: Syntheses and Perspectives on Their Application for Nitrate Reduction

Efficient metal-free crosslinking of common propellant binders using nitrile oxide–alkene click ligation

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