Review on energetic copolymer binders for propulsion applications: Synthesis and properties

Abstract

This article aims to outline the current progress in the field of energetic copolymer binders for composite solid propellants (CSPs). Propellants, which are a type of energetic material, are used to generate thrust in rockets and missiles, and they are generally less sensitive than explosives. The common formulations of CSPs contain several different chemical compounds that are typically bound together by a polymeric matrix to form a continuous solid. The use of inert polymers, however, does not enhance the overall specific impulse of the propellant. Energetic copolymers have emerged as a compelling category of binders for CSPs in recent years, offering potential advantages over traditional binders such as improved performance, enhanced safety, and increased manufacturing efficiency. The paper reviews the various types of energetic copolymer binders that have been developed, their potential advantages and drawbacks, and the current challenges and opportunities in the field. It suggests directions for future research and development and aims to provide a useful resource for researchers and practitioners interested in the use of energetic copolymer binders toward CSPs.

Click Chemistry for Linker-Free BAMO-Based Energetic Sequence-Controlled Copolymers

“…10−16 As highlighted earlier, the modification and regulation of the backbone of polymers are crucial for developing energetic polymers. 17,18 In this regard, the concept of sequencecontrolled polymers (SCPs) has emerged as an intriguing approach to address this issue. 19−22 SCPs offer the potential to control the sequence architecture of the polymers, allowing for a deeper understanding of the relationship between the polymer structure and properties and achieving high functionality of polymers.…”

“…As highlighted earlier, the modification and regulation of the backbone of polymers are crucial for developing energetic polymers. , In this regard, the concept of sequence-controlled polymers (SCPs) has emerged as an intriguing approach to address this issue. − SCPs offer the potential to control the sequence architecture of the polymers, allowing for a deeper understanding of the relationship between the polymer structure and properties and achieving high functionality of polymers. , Lately, the importance of the sequence structure–property relationship of energetic polymers has been recognized. Zhai et al utilized NMR to investigate the sequence architecture of random copolymer 3,3-bis­(azidomethyl)­oxetane-tetrahydrofuran (BAMO-THF).…”