Research Progress of Cathode Materials for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries in AlCl₃/[EMIm]Cl and Other Electrolyte Systems

Abstract

The development of safe, cheap, and environmentally friendly advanced rechargeable batteries with high energy density are one of the most pressing tasks for today's energy crisis. With the advantages of low cost, abundant reserves, and high-level safety, rechargeable aluminum ion batteries are considered ideal candidates for next-generation energy storage batteries in the context of large-scale energy applications. Relevant knowledge of energy storage materials and electrolytes, which possess close connection in between, is undeniably crucial for such research, while ironically, most attention is attracted to merely one element alone, especially the energy storage materials involving micro/nanomaterials. In this review, we focus on cathode materials matching with various electrolyte systems for rechargeable aluminum batteries and manage to provide new ideas for the preparation methods of highefficiency electrochemical energy storage materials, with future outlooks in this field.

Demonstration of the threshold-switching memory devices using EMIm(AlCl3)Cl and ZnO for neuromorphic applications

“…To demonstrate the artificial synapses based on the Al 3+ ions, the EMIm(AlCl 3 )Cl was employed for the electrolyte. The EMIm(AlCl 3 )Cl is one of the typical aluminum(III) sources, which comprises polymeric cation, aluminum(III), and chloride ions [24][25][26][27][28]. The AlCl 3 was employed as an aluminum(III) source because of the better stability with respect to Br − and I − containing -.…”

Surface Properties‐Performance Relationship of Aluminum Foil as Negative Electrode for Rechargeable Aluminum Batteries

“…The preparation and handling of the IL‐based electrolyte were conducted in an argon‐filled glovebox (MBraun, O 2 , H 2 O<0.5 ppm). The preparation consists of a slow adding of AlCl 3 (anhydrous, Sigma Aldrich, 99,99 %) to EMImCl (Sigma Aldrich, >=95 %) at a molar ratio of 1.5/1 (AlCl 3 /EMImCl) while stirring using a magnetic bar at room temperature [53] . The final solution is a yellowish viscous liquid.…”

“…The preparation consists of a slow adding of AlCl 3 (anhydrous, Sigma Aldrich, 99,99 %) to EMImCl (Sigma Aldrich, > = 95 %) at a molar ratio of 1.5/1 (AlCl 3 /EMImCl) while stirring using a magnetic bar at room temperature. [53] The final solution is a yellowish viscous liquid.…”

Electrochemical behavior of aluminum in triethylamine hydrochloride–aluminum chloride ionic liquid

“…The half-wave potential shifts to more negative values with the increase of the AlCl 3 content (from À40 to À162 mV for N = 1.3 and N = 1.95, respectively). The shift of the potential to higher cathodic overpotentials can be satisfactorily interpreted using the model of the preceding chemical reaction, 50 which can be described using eqn (5) and (6). The work 35 Experimental chronoamperograms in the region of anodic overpotentials for the Al|Et 3 NHCl-AlCl 3 interface (N = 1.5) at 303 K are shown in Fig.…”

“…3 Aluminum-ion batteries (AIBs) are a promising energy storage technology. 4 In addition to being non-toxic, aluminum offers high corrosion resistance, fire safety, and a high theoretical volumetric capacity (8.04 A h cm À3 ) 5 due to its low density and the ability to exchange three electrons in oxidationreduction reactions. 6,7 Electrolytes used in AIBs are based on low-temperature chloroaluminate ionic liquids (ILs), which are characterized by low vapor pressure, nonflammability and high thermal stability, and, therefore, belong to ''green'' electrolytes.…”