Research progress in lead-less or lead-free three-dimensional perovskite absorber materials for solar cells

Zhang, Huan-Yu; Li, Rui; Liu, Wenwu; Zhang, Mei; Guo, Min

doi:10.1007/s12613-019-1748-2

Cited by 17 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 137 publications

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“…Other materials such as group 2, 13, 14, and 15 elements and transition‐metal elements are also promising candidates for partial substitution of lead in PSCs. [ 44–48 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead‐Less Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Gollino

Pauporté

2021

Solar RRL

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The rise and commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is hindered by the toxicity of lead present in the perovskites used as the solar light absorber. To counter this problem, lead (Pb) can be fully (lead‐free) or partially (lead‐less) replaced by diverse elements. The former compounds suffer from poor efficiency and poor stability, whereas the later appear more promising. Herein, a survey of the methods reported in the literature to reduce Pb content in PSCs to fabricate “lead‐less” (also called “lead‐deficient”) PSCs is offered. First, the comparison of Sn and Pb elements and the partial replacement of Pb by Sn are developed. Then, its substitution by either Ge, Sr, or other alkaline‐earth‐metals, transition metals, and elements from columns 12, 13, and 15 of the periodic table are detailed. The new families of perovskites based on the insertion of organic cations to replace lead and halogen units, namely the “lead‐deficient” and “hollow” halide perovskites are then presented and discussed. Finally, atypical ways to reduce the toxicity of PSCs are presented: perovskite layer thickness reduction via optimization of photon collection, integration of photonic structures, and usage of recycled lead. The current achievements and the outlook of those strategies are presented and discussed.

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“…Other materials such as group 2, 13, 14, and 15 elements and transition‐metal elements are also promising candidates for partial substitution of lead in PSCs. [ 44–48 ]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lead‐Less Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Gollino

Pauporté

2021

Solar RRL

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“…Tin-based perovskites are the main competitor of lead-based ones as a less-toxic alternative because Sn and Pb are in the same group of elements and Sn divalent ion has similar ionic radius to that of Pb. 182,183 Sn-based perovskites benefit from high carrier mobility and lower optical bandgaps which is more suitable for photovoltaic applications. 184 They are the most efficient lead-free PSCs to date, achieving 14.8% PCE very recently.…”

Section: Tackling the Content Of Lead In The Active Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Green solvents, materials, and lead-free semiconductors for sustainable fabrication of perovskite solar cells

et al. 2023

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“…For the substitution of toxic lead without affecting perovskite structure, the isovalent cations with positive bivalence such as group-14 elements (Ge, Sn), alkalineearth metals (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba), transitions metals (Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd), or lanthanides (Eu, Tm, Yb) [77] would be required. According to recent researches, [78,79] tin ion (Sn 2+ ) can be the better candidate for the B-site to replace the poisonous Pb element. However, Sn 2+ is unstable in ambient condition and it can be easily oxidized into Sn 4+ .…”

Section: Environmental and Health Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites for Field‐Effect Transistors with Improved Stability: Progress and Challenges

Liang

Zheng

2020

Adv Elect Materials

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Hybrid perovskites have attracted considerable attention due to their excellent optoelectronic properties and facile processing. Beyond their wide usage in various energy‐related devices and optoelectronic applications, in particular photovoltaic cells, these materials have also been employed as active candidates in field‐effect transistors (FETs). However, the low stability of these materials is still a substantial challenge for their applications and commercialization. Low‐dimensional (two‐ or quasi‐two‐) perovskites, which are formed by introducing larger organic amine groups into the perovskite structure, not only offer great potential for the development of high stability devices, but also achieve higher field‐effect mobility due to the low ion migrations at room temperature. To date, the emerging low‐dimensional perovskite FETs have already gained unprecedented developments. This review mainly summarizes and evaluates the recent progress on low‐dimensional perovskite FETs and proposes solutions for the possible challenges. First, along with the detailed comparisons, the advantages of low‐dimensional perovskites that can overcome the demerits of conventional 3D perovskites for FETs are presented in detail. Thereafter, the achievements and development of low‐dimensional perovskite‐based FETs are briefly reviewed, followed by the discussion of field‐effect mobility and other challenges and opportunities of low‐dimensional perovskites for FETs. Finally, a summary and outlook are given.

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Research progress in lead-less or lead-free three-dimensional perovskite absorber materials for solar cells

Cited by 17 publications

References 137 publications

Lead‐Less Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Lead‐Less Halide Perovskite Solar Cells

Green solvents, materials, and lead-free semiconductors for sustainable fabrication of perovskite solar cells

Low‐Dimensional Hybrid Perovskites for Field‐Effect Transistors with Improved Stability: Progress and Challenges

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