Research priorities for an HIV cure: International AIDS Society Global Scientific Strategy 2021

Archin, Nancie M.; Cannon, Paula M.; Collins, Simon; Jones, R. Brad; Jong, Marein A. W. P. de; Lambotte, Olivier; Lamplough, Rosanne; Ndung’u, Thumbi; Sugarman, Jeremy; Tiemessen, Caroline T.; Vandekerckhove, Linos; Deeks, Steven G.; Lewin, Sharon R; Jong, Marein de; Ndhlovu, Zaza M.; Chomont, Nicolas; Brumme, Zabrina L.; Deng, Kai; Jasenosky, Luke D.; Jefferys, Richard; Orta-Resendiz, Aurelio; Mardarelli, Frank; Nijhuis, Monique; Bar, Katharine J.; Howell, Bonnie J.; Schneider, Alex; Turk, Gabriela; Nabatanzi, Rose; Blankson, Joel N.; García, J. Víctor; Paiardini, Mirko; Lunzen, Jan van; Antoniadi, Christina; Côrtes, Fernanda Heloise; Valente, Susana T.; Søgaard, Ole Schmeltz; Diaz, Ricardo Sobhie; Ott, Melannie; Dunham, Richard M.; Schwarze, Siegfried; Patrigeon, Santiago Pérez; Nabukenya, Josephine; Caskey, Marina; Mothe, Beatriz; Wang, Fu Sheng; Fidler, Sarah; SenGupta, Devi; Dressler, Stephan; Matoga, Mitch; Kiem, Hans–Peter; Tebas, Pablo; Kityo, Cissy; Dropulić, Boro; Louella, Michael; Das, Kumitaa Theva; Persaud, Deborah; Chahroudi, Ann; Luzuriaga, Katherine; Puthanakit, Thanyawee; Safrit, Jeffrey T.; Masheto, Gaerolwe; Dubé, Karine; Power, Jennifer; Salzwedel, Jessica; Likhitwonnawut, Udom; Taylor, Jeff; Nuh, Oguzhan Latif; Dong, Krista; Kankaka, Edward Nelson

doi:10.1038/s41591-021-01590-5

Cited by 190 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 153 publications

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“…When CD4 + T-lymphocyte count drops due to gradual destruction by HIV, this stage is referred to as Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Patients with AIDS are particularly susceptible to lymphomas and Kaposi’s sarcoma (Barré-Sinoussi et al 2013 ; Deeks et al 2021 ; Vijayan et al 2017 ).…”

Section: Anti-viral Triterpenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-viral triterpenes: a review

et al. 2022

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Triterpenes are naturally occurring derivatives biosynthesized following the isoprene rule of Ruzicka. The triterpenes have been reported to possess a wide range of therapeutic applications including anti-viral properties. In this review, the recent studies (2010–2020) concerning the anti-viral activities of triterpenes have been summarized. The structure activity relationship studies have been described as well as brief biosynthesis of these triterpenes is discussed.

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Section: Anti-viral Triterpenesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-viral triterpenes: a review

et al. 2022

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“…In the case of HIV, and of retroviruses in general, the goal of restriction factors is best achieved when acting before the integration of proviral DNA into host cell chromosomes in order to curtail the number of persistently infected cells unaffected by cART that contribute to the establishment of the so-called “viral reservoir”, nowadays a major obstacle in HIV eradication [ 2 , 24 ]. Once proviral integration has occurred, however, certain transcription factors could be also considered operationally as “restriction factors” by favoring latent vs. productive infection, as later discussed.…”

Section: Host Cell Restriction Factors Hiv Infection and Replicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host Restriction Factors Modulating HIV Latency and Replication in Macrophages

Pagani¹,

Demela²,

Ghezzi³

et al. 2022

IJMS

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In addition to CD4+ T lymphocytes, myeloid cells and, particularly, differentiated macrophages are targets of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection via the interaction of gp120Env with CD4 and CCR5 or CXCR4. Both T cells and macrophages support virus replication, although with substantial differences. In contrast to activated CD4+ T lymphocytes, HIV-1 replication in macrophages occurs in nondividing cells and it is characterized by the virtual absence of cytopathicity both in vitro and in vivo. These general features should be considered in evaluating the role of cell-associated restriction factors aiming at preventing or curtailing virus replication in macrophages and T cells, particularly in the context of designing strategies to tackle the viral reservoir in infected individuals receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. In this regard, we will here also discuss a model of reversible HIV-1 latency in primary human macrophages and the role of host factors determining the restriction or reactivation of virus replication in these cells.

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“…Elite controllers (ECs) can control HIV replication without antiretroviral therapy (ART) for a significant period of time. Studies of ECs led to a critical understanding of the factors associated with HIV control, offering possible clues for a HIV cure [ 3 , 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Plasma Concentrations of Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein (ACBP) in HIV Progressors and Elite Controllers

Isnard

Royston

Lin

et al. 2022

Viruses

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HIV elite controllers (ECs) are characterized by the spontaneous control of viral replication, and by metabolic and autophagic profiles which favor anti-HIV CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses. Extracellular acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP) acts as a feedback inhibitor of autophagy. Herein, we assessed the circulating ACBP levels in ECs, compared to people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) or not. We found lower ACBP levels in ECs compared to ART-naïve or ART-treated PLWH (p < 0.01 for both comparisons), independently of age and sex. ACBP levels were similar in ECs and HIV-uninfected controls. The expression of the protective HLA alleles HLA-B*27, *57, or *58 did not influence ACBP levels in ECs. ACBP levels were not associated with CD4 or CD8 T-cell counts, CD4 loss over time, inflammatory cytokines, or anti-CMV IgG titers in ECs. In ART-treated PLWH, ACBP levels were correlated with interleukin (IL)-1β levels, but not with other inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, IL-8, IL-32, or TNF-α. In conclusion, ECs are characterized by low ACBP plasma levels compared to ART-naïve or ART-treated PLWH. As autophagy is key to anti-HIV CD4 and CD8 T-cell responses, the ACBP pathway constitutes an interesting target in HIV cure strategies.

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Research priorities for an HIV cure: International AIDS Society Global Scientific Strategy 2021

Cited by 190 publications

References 153 publications

Anti-viral triterpenes: a review

Anti-viral triterpenes: a review

Host Restriction Factors Modulating HIV Latency and Replication in Macrophages

Distinct Plasma Concentrations of Acyl-CoA-Binding Protein (ACBP) in HIV Progressors and Elite Controllers

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