“…Fine adjustment of slab was a key step in controlling the elevation and smoothness of railway (Murata, 2003; Zeng, Xie, & Deng, 2012a; Zeng, Xie, & Deng, 2012b; Wang, 2013; Song, Zeng, Xie, Long, & Ma, 2020). Theoretically, there was no need to use a height-adjusting gasket under the rail correct orbital condition as it was just the final geometry state of slab after fine adjustment (Department of science & technology of China railway ministry, 2008; Fu, Xie, & Niu, 2016; Wang, Jia, & Li, 2016). However, according to the engineering practice, uneven rail-bearing surface of one slab and stagger step between two slabs occur frequently after CA mortar grouting, which lead to lift up or gap between slabs, will finally affect the smoothness of the rail (Coenraad, 2003; Wang, Liu, & Hu, 2010; Zeng, Xie, & Deng, 2016; Deng, Ye, Yuan, & Wang, 2016).…”