Research on the Tourists’ Type and Behavior based on the Fog and Haze Perception: Taking Xi’an as a Case

Abstract

Under the background of tourism affected by the fog and haze, this study takes Xi’an as a case, focuses on the tourists’ type and behavior, and forms the following conclusions. The tourist can be divided into blunt type, normal type and sensitive type based on the perception to the fog and haze. The blunt type has demographics of male, elderly people, lower educated, low income, and from the North of China. The sensitive type has demographics of female, single, middle-aged, higher educated, and from the South of China. The blunt and sensitive types who pay less attention to the fog and haze in the before travel stage, have a rational willingness behavior, and have a significant increase on the attention rate to future decision after this travel. But the sensitive type prefers to the quality and healthy behavior in the stage of during tour.

The impact of air quality on tourism: a systematic literature review

“…Moreover, some studies simultaneously use primary and secondary data sources to drive reliable conclusions, merging experiments or questionnaires with secondary data. At least Hipp and Ogunseitan (2011), Jun-hui (2018) and Pant et al (2018) simultaneously use primary and secondary data. To study visitors’ perceptions of AQ or to infer about the impact of air pollution on tourism, the joint use of questionnaires and evaluations collected from well-known travelling opinion surveys (such as in TripAdvisor; Saura et al , 2018) can be particularly efficient and practical.…”

“…A deep analysis of the results reveals that good AQ is likely to have a positive influence on travel behaviour, travel intention and destination choice (Bohm and Pfister, 2011; Becken et al , 2017; Hill et al , 2000; Jun-hui, 2018; Law and Cheung, 2009; Zhang et al , 2015; Zhu, 2018). This corroborates part of the findings of the literature review undertaken by Zajchowski et al (2018) on the effects of good AQ on human behaviour.…”

“…Hill et al (2000) analysed this topic for the White Mountain National Forest, NH (USA) and concluded that as visibility decreases, the probability of accepting visibility conditions tends to decrease and also that potential visitors planning a visit to the White Mountains in the future would be less likely to visit this protected area if the visibility conditions got worse. Finally, Jun-hui (2018) examines tourist perception of fog and haze in Xi’an (a world famous historical and cultural city in China). In this study, the tourists were categorized into three segments (“blunt type”, “normal type” and “sensitive type”) according to their perceptions of the fog and haze.…”

Tourism and Air Quality: Factors Influencing the Role of Air Quality in Visitors Travel Planning

“…As already mentioned, little is known about the influence of AQ on travel planning. A small number of studies were published (Becken et al, 2017;Hill et al, 2000;Jun-Hui, 2018;McKercher et al, 2015;Peng & Xiao, 2018;Saura et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018;Wu et al, 2018;Zajchowski et al, 2018;Zhang et al, 2015) examining the impact of AQ on destination image, visitors' satisfaction, intention to return and travel behaviour, with some of this research providing relevant insights on the potential importance of AQ in travel planning. Results mention that AQ exerts a very important role in the visitors' consumption behaviour, leading to the expectation that AQ will also be highly relevant when the visitors plan tourism trips.…”

“…Those who travel to destinations with a bad AQ notoriety are often obligated to choose activities less exposed to air pollutants (e.g. indoor activities such as shopping), as observed by McKercher et al (2015), or to shorten their stay due to their lower predisposition to stay in a polluted environment (Jun-Hui, 2018). Additionally, when confronted with air pollution episodes during their travel experience, visitors tend to evaluate it negatively (Li et al, 2016;McKercher et al, 2015) and show less propensity to return in the future (Hill et al, 2000).…”