Research on the Removal of Levamisole Residues in Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Porcine and Poultry Tissues

Abstract

In this paper, we set the waiting time for the elimination of levamisole residues at a safe level from tissues (muscles and organs) from animals treated with levamisole 10%—oral solution. We studied the depletion of levamisole residues by high performance liquid chromatography with a mass spectrometer (limit of quantification 2 μg/kg) in the tissues of bovine, ovine, caprine, porcine and poultry (chickens and pigeons) after administration of levamisole (10 mg levamisole/kg body weight for cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and 20 mg levamisole/kg body weight for birds). We found that in cattle, sheep and goats at 7 days after treatment, the residues of levamisole in the liver and at 14 days and in the other tissues were below the established limit value. In pigs at 7 days, residues from all tissues were below the set limit value. Residue depletion in chickens treated with levamisole was rapid, such that 3 days after treatment, the residues in all tissues were below the set limit. Residue depletion was slower in turkeys than in chickens.

Analysis of Transfer of Tiamulin to Animal Tissue after Oral Administration: An Important Factor for Ensuring Food Safety and Environmental Protection

“…The distribution of tiamulin in animal tissues was studied by gas chromatography with electrochemical detection in pigs and turkeys, by liquid scintillation counting (LSC) in broilers and by gas chromatography (GLC) with an electron capture detector in rabbits. Under the same treatment conditions, similar results were obtained by the LC-MS/MS method described in this study, an equally efficient and accurate method [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment of Penicillin G in a Veterinary Product Using an Original Software Method and Monitoring by SPE-Online-UHPLC-MS/MS

“…β-lactam antibiotics (penicillin, the first β-lactam antibiotic discovered) are not usually detected in the aquatic environments analyzed in Europe due to their high lability to heat, light, extreme pH, metal ions, oxidizing and reducing agents, nucleophiles and solvents, such as water, which lead to their hydrolysis under ambient temperature and pH conditions. However, based on several studies carried out in the EU, the ranges of β-lactam concentrations in water were determined, namely: 18-6196 ng/L in the influent of used water treatment plants, 47-1205 ng/L in the eluent of wastewater treatment plants and 3.57-552 ng/L in surface waters [17,[41][42][43][44][45][46].…”