Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment of Penicillin G in a Veterinary Product Using an Original Software Method and Monitoring by SPE-Online-UHPLC-MS/MS

Abstract

Veterinary antibiotics have become a major concern due to potential environmental effects. This study presents an investigation of the exposure and environmental effects of the veterinary medicinal product in powder form, administered in the drinking water of piglets, chickens and turkeys, containing 250 mg/g penicillin G (benzylpenicillin potassium), performed according to the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) guideline and the results obtained by an analytical method based on online solid-phase extraction, ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer (SPE-online-UHPLC-MS/MS). The study presents the determination of the environmental risk and through an original, interactive, fast software method, created on the basis of a proprietary calculation algorithm that goes through all the prescriptions and recommendations of the EMEA guide. The results demonstrated that the concentration value for penicillin G determined in surface water by SPE-online-UHPLC-MS/MS is much lower than that predicted by calculation (predictable concentration in surface water, PECsurface water = 37.66 µg/L and the concentration SPE-online-UHPLC-MS/MS = 0.032 µg/L). Both results lead to a sub-unit risk quotient (R) indicating that the treatment carried out with the considered veterinary product does not present any risk to the environment.

A comparative assessment of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum isolated from chicken and humans as candidates for probiotics

“…The following antimicrobial resistance genes were observed within the both genomes: (i) two genes responsible for the Cefoxitin resistance, i.e., CMA-2 and SRT-1 (Müller et al 2014;Tamma et al 2019;He et al 2020); (ii) genes that confer resistance towards Vancomycin, i.e., vanH in vanF cluster, ddl, aad, rrp11 and hpk11 (Filannino et al 2016;Floch 2017;Stogios and Savchenko 2020;Selim 2022); (iii) two Tetracycline resistance genes, i.e., drrA and drrB (Rahman and Kaur 2018;Peterson and Kaur 2018); and (iv) the lmrB gene that confers resistance to Lincomycin (Hirooka 2014). In contrast, the Tiamulin resistance gene, TaeA gene (Ciucă et al 2023), was observed only within the genome of Lpb. plantarum F75.…”