Research on the fire safety effect of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer based on sodium fumarate

Abstract

Sodium fumarate (SF, C4H3NaO4), as a low‐cost and environment‐friendly additive, has been applied as the fire safety agent to investigate the flame retardancy and smoke suppression property in thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU). A series of tests were carried out, including limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimeter test (CCT), smoke density test (SDT), and thermogravimetric/Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG‐IR). The results proved that the addition of SF can significantly improve the fire safety property of TPU. Remarkably, in the case of the sample containing 2.0 wt% SF, LOI was raised up to 27.5 compared with 21.0 of pure TPU. The CCT results showed that pHRR, THR, TSR, and SF values decreased by 60.1%, 17.0%, 44.6%, and 66.4%, respectively, while the residual mass increased from 3.0% to 12.3% compared with pure TPU. The digital photographs displayed a more compact and intense carbon layer after the addition of SF. The SDT results indicated SF has increased the luminous flux and reduced Ds values, implying the improvement of the smoke suppression property of TPU. TG and TG‐IR results showed that the addition of SF has promoted the char forming process and reduced the release of CO2 and other volatile compounds. All results of tests illustrated that SF has considerable fire safety effect on TPU. Through the analysis of the results of this experiment, it will make a significance in the aspect of fire safety of polymer.

Developing non‐halogen and non‐phosphorous flame retardant bismaleimide resin with high thermal resistance and high toughness through building crosslinked network with Schiff base structure

“…TG‐IR technique directly gives the identification of the volatilized produces, and it is able to understand the mechanism of thermal degradation 39 . Because samples with same size, shape and weight were used for tests, the absorption intensity of peaks is reasonable to evaluate the relative amount of the pyrolysis produces 6 …”

Synthesis of ZnFe2O4@Mg‐Al‐SDBS LDH composites for regulating heat and fire safety properties of polyurea

“…CCT is based on the oxygen consumption principle, which accurately replicates polymer combustion under real-world fire conditions. 39 Figure 5 shows the heat release rate (HRR) and THR curves of PUA composites. The pure PUA reaches the PHRR of 933.46 kW/m 2 after it is ignited.…”

Poly(Urea-Urethane) Elastomers with Fire-Retardant and Tensile Properties Enhanced by a Built-In Phosphorus Derivative

“…Flame retardants can be divided into several groups, depending on the method of their introduction and their impact on the structure of the final material. These groups include reactive and additive flame retardants and are distinguished by the type of their interaction with the polymer matrix. , Moreover, the surface treatment of materials should also be distinguished as another strategy to improve the fire resistance of materials. , Reactive flame retardants, added during PUR synthesis, are incorporated into the structure of the macromolecules through covalent bonds. Most often, these compounds have at least two hydroxyl, amino, or epoxy groups within their structure and are able to react with the isocyanate groups of the PUR prepolymer and participate in the hardening process of the latter.…”

“…These groups include reactive and additive flame retardants and are distinguished by the type of their interaction with the polymer matrix. 45,46 Moreover, the surface treatment of materials should also be distinguished as another strategy to improve the fire resistance of materials. 47,48 Reactive flame retardants, added during PUR synthesis, are incorporated into the structure of the macromolecules through covalent bonds.…”