Research on the effects of disconfirmed client role expectations in psychotherapy: A critical review.

Duckro, Paul N.; Beal, Don; George, Clay E.

doi:10.1037/0033-2909.86.2.260

Cited by 111 publications

(104 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Thus, the present research would have joined the other 22 studies identified by Duckro et al (1979) as refuting the effects of confirmation of client expectancies on outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…However, previous reviews have reported equivocal findings regarding the consequences of disconfirmation of client expectations (see Duckro et al, 1979;Tinsley et al, 1988). The inconsistent results were thought to be attributable to: methodological inadequacies, a lack of programmatic research; and poor theory development (Duckro et al, 1979;Tinsley et al, 1988).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inconsistent results were thought to be attributable to: methodological inadequacies, a lack of programmatic research; and poor theory development (Duckro et al, 1979;Tinsley et al, 1988). In an attempt to overcome these problems, Deane, Spicer & Leathern (1992) used self-regulation theory (Leventhal & Johnson, 1983) to clarify the relationships between preparation for psychotherapy, expectations, and anxiety.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confirmation of precounselling expectations: Does expectation valence moderate changes in state anxiety?

McLeod

Deane

1994

Int J Adv Counselling

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Abstract. Despite considerable research attention, it remains unclear whether failing to meet clients' precounselling expectations causes increases in state anxiety. Empirical support for such a relationship is equivocal and it has been suggested that the treatment of expectations as a unitary construct and a lack of theory have given rise to this situation. The present study measured pre-and post-session expectations and anxiety in a sample of clients attending a university counselling service. The Expectations About Counselling questionnaire (EAC) and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory -Form Y (STAI-Y) were used as dependent measures. SelfRegulation theory and the Attentional Bias model of anxiety provided a theoretical framework from which the experimental hypothesis was drawn. Affective valence of expectations (positive vs. negative) was assessed as welt as whether confirmation or disconfirmation occurred. As predicted, the results failed to support a main effect for disconfirmation on elevations in state anxiety, but the moderating effect of expectation valence was observed. The theoretical and methodological implications of the results are briefly discussed.

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“…Thus, the present research would have joined the other 22 studies identified by Duckro et al (1979) as refuting the effects of confirmation of client expectancies on outcomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Confirmation of precounselling expectations: Does expectation valence moderate changes in state anxiety?

McLeod

Deane

1994

Int J Adv Counselling

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“…The correlation between expectations and preferences may be responsible for the confusion between these two concepts in the literature (cf. Duckro, Beal, and George, 1979).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferences, expectations, and behaviours in interpersonal interaction

Schul

Benbenishty

1985

Euro J Social Psych

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This study is concerned with the relationship between expectations and preferences prior to an interaction, and their effects on behaviours enacted during the interaction.Expectations and preferences of therapists regarding several specific therapist's and client's behaviours were assessed prior to a therapy meeting. Afrer that meeting, the therapists described the behaviours that had occurred during the meeting. It was found that the correspondence between expectations and preferences is affected by the amount of control one has over the behaviours. There seems also to be a clear indication that expectations predict the behaviours better than preferences. Still, it should be noted that preferences do predict behaviours, and this relationship, although weak, holds even after the effect of expectations is removed.

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“…A long held assumption in psychotherapy is that if the patient's expectations are congruent with the method and style of the treatment, the therapy has a better chance of attaining satisfying treatment results (Duckro, Beal, & George, 1979). Research on role expectations and/or disconfirmation of role expectations has primarily focused on the variables retention (continuation of psychotherapy), outcome at termination and therapeutic alliance.…”

Section: Role Expectations and Other Client Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotherapy for Substance Use Disorders – the importance of affects

Frankl¹

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Substance use disorder (SUD) is a serious disorder with severe consequences for the individual, the family and for society. Comorbidity is common in the SUD population and the diversity of the disorder calls for a multiplicity of treatment options.The overall aim of this thesis was to explore the role of affects in psychotherapy for SUD. Further aims were to investigate affect-focused therapeutic orientations, demonstrate the importance of common factors and evaluate a measure of affect phobia.In Study I a naturalistic design was employed to examine how the discrepancy between patients' expectations and experience of psychotherapy related to alliance in 41 patients: 24 in individual therapy and 17 in group. An additional analysis concerned whether different dimensions of role expectations predicted retention in psychotherapy. Study II was the first psychometric evaluation of the Affect phobia test -a test developed to screen the ability to experience, express and regulate emotions. Data were collected from two samples: A clinical sample of 82 patients with depression and/or anxiety participating in a randomized controlled trial of Internet-based affectfocused treatment, and a university student sample of 197 students. Data analysed included internal consistency, test-retest reliability, factor analysis and calculation of an empirical cut-off. Study III focused on the feasibility of individual 10 week Affect Phobia Therapy (APT) for patients diagnosed with mild to moderate alcohol use disorder (AUD) and problematic affective avoidance in a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design. Study IV comprised an evaluation of the feasibility and preliminary effectiveness of APT adapted to a structured group format for patients (n=22) with comorbid substance use disorder and ADHD with core features of affective avoidance/emotion dysregulation in an open design.In Study I an overall discrepancy between role expectations and experiences was significantly related to a lower level of therapeutic alliance in group therapy. This relationship was not found in individual therapy. Expectations prior to psychotherapy characterized by defensiveness correlated negatively with therapy retention, even when controlling for waiting time for therapy. In Study II the internal consistency for the total score on the Affect phobia test was satisfactory but it was not for the affective domains, Anger/Assertion, Sadness/Grief, and Attachment/Closeness. Test retest reliability was satisfactory. The exploratory factor analysis resulted in a six-factor solution and only moderately matched the test´s original affective domains. An empirical cutoff between the clinical and the university student sample were calculated -3 -and yielded a cut-off of 72 points. In Study III patients reported no adverse events due to the treatment and finished the whole study period. The patients had different trajectories of alcohol consumption and craving and the hypothesis that heavy episodic drinking would subside during the time in therapy did not hold true. In ...

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Research on the effects of disconfirmed client role expectations in psychotherapy: A critical review.

Cited by 111 publications

References 49 publications

Confirmation of precounselling expectations: Does expectation valence moderate changes in state anxiety?

Confirmation of precounselling expectations: Does expectation valence moderate changes in state anxiety?

Preferences, expectations, and behaviours in interpersonal interaction

Psychotherapy for Substance Use Disorders – the importance of affects

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