Machine vision technology has shown great potential for development and application in the coal heat utilization and coal chemical production process It is important to carry out image analysis-based stability adaptation analysis of coal heat utilization and coal chemical equipment. To further expand its application, this work reviewed the characteristics of different vision sensor systems and image processing algorithms in the process of image acquisition and processing, conducted applicability analysis for rapid prediction of coal quality, presented the current problems and future development trends of image analysis technology in the coal heat utilization and coal chemical production process. It provided theoretical guidance and reference for promoting automation, intelligence, and mechanization in the coal industry.