Research on an Integrated Hydrostatic-Driven Electric Generator with Controllable Load for Renewable Energy Applications

Existing shortages on the market of critical and strategic raw materials and problems with the supply chain of selected raw materials, mainly those from China, indicate the need to develop recycling technologies for devices containing the above-mentioned materials. The aim of this work should be to ensure a sustainable supply of raw materials for industry in the EU. One potential source of raw materials may be small-power wind turbine generators equipped with permanent magnets (NdFeB). This research allowed for the development of a methodology for disassembling a generator containing NdFeB magnets in order to determine the shares of individual elements. Due to the significant shares of critical and strategic elements in permanent magnets, a detailed economic analysis was carried out. Based on the research results, economic benefits resulting from the recovery of valuable elements were indicated. The significant market value of critical and strategic raw materials contained in neodymium magnets was demonstrated. The risk of the loss of supplies, the recycling rate and the possibility of replacing the elements in permanent magnets were assessed.

Section: Permanent Magnet Generator and The Development Of Wind Energ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The basic principle of operation of a permanent magnet generator is the principle of electromagnetic induction. When an electric wire crosses magnetic field lines, an electromotive force (EMF) is created in the wire, which leads to the generation of an electric current [6].…”

Section: Permanent Magnet Generator and The Development Of Wind Energ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the Risk of the Loss of Supply, the Recycling Rate and the Degree of Substitutability of Elements in the NdFeB Magnets of a Small Wind Farm Generator

Baron,

Kowol,

Matusiak

et al. 2024

“…From Equations (4) and 7, the average conduction loss of three-phase half-bridge inverter in one current period can be calculated as:…”

Section: Nonlinear Loss Model Of Three-phase Invertermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As the motor drive system is the main power source of EVs, the efficiency of the drive system will directly influence their mileage endurance. Compared with induction motors (IMs) and switched reluctance motors (SRMs) [4,5], permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) with their advantage of high power density and high efficiency, can decrease the energy consumption and improve the operational mileage of EVs [6][7][8], therefore, the PMSM direct drive system has been widely applied in EVs for transportation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Efficiency Improvement for Electric Vehicles Adopting a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Direct Drive System

Zhang

Guo

et al. 2017

To improve the endurance mileage of electric vehicles (EVs), it is important to decrease the energy consumption of the Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) drive system. This paper proposes a novel loss optimization control strategy named system efficiency improvement control which can optimize both inverter and motor losses. A nonlinear power converter loss model is built to fit the nonlinear characteristics of power devices. This paper uses double Fourier integral analysis to analytically calculate the fundamental and harmonic components of motor current by which the fundamental motor loss and harmonic motor loss can be accurately analyzed. From these loss models, a whole-frequency-domain system loss model is derived and presented. Based on the system loss model, the system efficiency improvement control method applies the genetic algorithm to adjust the motor current and PWM frequency together to optimize the inverter and motor losses by which the system efficiency can be significantly improved without seriously influence on the system stability over the whole operation range of EVs. The optimal effects of system efficiency is verified by the experimental results in both Si-IGBT-based PMSM system and SiC-MOSFET-based system.

“…The authors of [29,30] reported the feasibility of harvesting the kinetic energy in turbulent air and rainwater flow by using Tesla disk turbines with different diameters. However, the structure where the fluid turbine and the electrical generator are connected in parallel along the shaft usually results in relatively large volumes and low power density [31,32]. In addition, the aforementioned Tesla disk turbines are driven by fluid flow in pipes where the working fluid is injected nearly tangentially to rotating disks through certain nozzles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design, Analysis, and Evaluation of a Compact Electromagnetic Energy Harvester from Water Flow for Remote Sensors

Wang

Zhang

2018

Self Cite

This paper develops an electromagnetic energy harvester, which can generate small-scale electricity from non-directional water flow in oceans or rivers for remote sensors. The energy harvester integrates a Tesla disk turbine, a miniature axial-flux permanent magnet generator, and a ring cover with symmetrical grooves which are utilized to rectify flow direction. A compact structure is achieved by mounting the permanent magnets of the generator directly on the end surfaces of the turbine rotor. Theoretical analysis is implemented to illustrate the energy conversion process between flow kinetic form and electrical form. Additionally, a mathematical model is developed to investigate the magnetic field distribution produced by the cubical permanent magnets as well as parametric effect. Plastic prototypes with a diameter of 65 mm and a height of 46 mm are fabricated by using a 3D printing technique. The effect of the groove angle is experimentally investigated and compared under a no-load condition. The prototype with the optimal groove angle can operate at flow velocity down to 0.61 m/s and can induce peak-to-peak electromotive force of 2.64-11.92 V at flow velocity of 0.61-1.87 m/s. It can be observed from the results that the analytical and the measured curves are in good accordance. Loaded experiments show that the output electrical power is 23.1 mW at flow velocity of 1.87 m/s when the load resistance is approximately equal to the coil resistance. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed energy harvester are presented through comparison with existing similar devices.