Research on Adaptive Distribution Control Strategy of Braking Force for Pure Electric Vehicles

Liu, Jingang; Bu, Lei; Fu, Bi; Zheng, Jianyun; Wang, Gaosheng; He, Lihong; Hu, Yuliang

doi:10.3390/pr11041152

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In the work of Liu et al [96], the energy saving efficiency of the NEDC reached 52.62%, while that of the NYCC was 47.45%. In our work, the energy saving efficiency of the NEDC is 15.01%, and the NYCC is 40.13%.…”

Section: Performance Of Regenerative Brakingmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Heydari et al[102], and Gang et al[105] was less than 15%. The energy re efficiency of Wu et al[92], Ashok et al[95], Liu et al[96], Sandrini et al[97], Chu[98], Ji et al[103], and He et al[104] exceeded 20%, with Liu et al[96] having an recovery efficiency of over 45%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

“…It can be seen that the energy recovery efficiency of He et al [10], Yang et al [11], Jiang et al [21], Geng et al [26], Ning et al [27], Zhao et al [28], Li et al [70], Yin et al [93], Chen et al [94], Shang et al [98], Chang et al [99], Chun et al [100], Liu et al [101], Heydari et al[102], and Gang et al[105] was less than 15%. The energy recovery efficiency of Wu et al[92], Ashok et al[95], Liu et al[96], Sandrini et al[97], Chun et al[98], Ji et al[103], and He et al[104] exceeded 20%, with Liu et al[96] having an energy recovery efficiency of over 45%.…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Regenerative Braking of Electric Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Control Strategy

Yin,

Ma,

et al. 2023

Processes

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Regenerative braking technology is a viable solution for mitigating the energy consumption of electric vehicles. Constructing a distribution strategy for regenerative braking force will directly affect the energy saving efficiency of electric vehicles, which is a technical bottleneck of battery-powered electric vehicles. The distribution strategy of the front- and rear-axle braking forces of electric vehicles that possess integrated front-wheel-drive arrangements is established based on the Economic Commission of Europe (ECE) regulations, which enables the clarification of the total braking force of the front axle. The regenerative braking torque model of the motor is adjusted to optimize the ratio of motor braking force to the whole front-axle braking force. The regenerative braking process of electric vehicles is influenced by many factors, such as driving speed and braking intensity, so regenerative braking presents characteristics of nonlinearity, time variability, delay, and incomplete models. By considering the impact of fuzzy controllers having better robustness, adaptability, and fault tolerance, a fuzzy control strategy is employed in this paper to accomplish the regenerative braking force distribution on the front axle. A regenerative braking model is created on the Simulink platform using the braking force distribution indicated above, and experiments are run under six specific operating conditions: New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), World Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC), Federal Test Procedure 72 (FTP-72), Federal Test Procedure 75 (FTP-75), China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle-Passenger (CLTC-P), and New York City Cycle (NYCC). The findings demonstrate that in six typical cycling road conditions, the energy saving efficiency of electric vehicles has greatly increased, reaching over 15%. The energy saving efficiency during the WLTC driving condition reaches 25%, and it rises to 30% under the FTP-72, FTP-75, and CLTC-P driving conditions. Furthermore, under the NYCC road conditions, the energy saving efficiency exceeded 40%. Therefore, our results verify the effectiveness of the regenerative braking control strategy proposed in this paper.

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Section: Performance Of Regenerative Brakingmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 93%

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Regenerative Braking of Electric Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Control Strategy

Yin,

Ma,

et al. 2023

Processes

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“…Для оцінки ефективності гальмування ТЗ використовують як засоби моделювання [4,5], так і традиційні дорожні випробування. Електричні ТЗ мають таку ж саму гальмівну ефективність [6,7], як і сучасні дорожні транспортні засоби.…”

Section: аналіз публікаційunclassified

Experimental evaluation of vehicle braking efficiency considering the influence of tires

Saraiev¹,

Saraіevа²,

Danets³

et al. 2023

VEIT

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Problem. Checking the brake system of a vehicle is crucial in terms of assessing its operational safety, and performance indicators and permissible modes are determined by the state standards of Ukraine. However, there are challenges related to the accuracy and objectivity of evaluating the braking efficiency of a car. The coefficient of adhesion between the wheel and the road surface is the primary factor that significantly affects the braking dynamics of a vehicle. This coefficient constantly changes due to various factors such as road surface conditions, tire design and properties, tire effectiveness, and car speed. Assessing the impact of these factors on a car's braking performance is difficult. Goal. The aim of this study is to experimentally determine the influence of tire properties on vehicle braking efficiency by conducting a multifactorial experiment on cars of different brands with different types of tires. Methodology. The study employs the method of conducting braking tests under road conditions using the necessary equipment. Statistical data on braking efficiency parameters were collected from cars equipped with different tire brands. Experimental tests were conducted on Mazda 323F and Hyundai Elantra cars, using tires from various manufacturers such as Sava, Tigar, Nokian, and MICHELIN. The tests were performed on asphalt-concrete surfaces under dry and wet conditions, and the braking efficiency indicators were measured. Originality. The experiment revealed that the quality of the rubber used in car tires has a significant impact on their braking efficiency within a wide range. The deceleration of a category М1 vehicle can exceed the minimum requirements for braking efficiency, established by national and international standards, by 29-67%, depending on the tire brand. This research presents prospects for further development of experimental and statistical studies in this field, aiming to provide a better understanding of car braking efficiency parameters based on tire quality. Practical Value. The data obtained from this study are of practical importance for evaluating the effectiveness of car braking during expert investigations of traffic accidents. This enables experts to draw more objective conclusions about the accident process and determine the driver's ability to avoid such incidents.

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A Logic Threshold Control Strategy to Improve the Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery of Electric Vehicles

Yin,

Ma,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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With increasing global attention to climate change and environmental sustainability, the sustainable development of the automotive industry has become an important issue. This study focuses on the regenerative braking issues in pure electric vehicles. Specifically, it intends to elucidate the influence of the braking force distribution of the front and rear axles on access to energy recovery efficiency. Combining the I curve of a pure electric vehicle and the boundary line of the Economic Commission of Europe (ECE) regulations, the braking force distribution relationship between the front and rear axles is formulated to satisfy braking stability. The maximum regenerative braking force of the motor is determined based on the motor torque characteristics and battery charging power, and the regenerative braking torque is optimized by combining the constraints of the braking strength, battery state of charge (SOC), and vehicle speed. Six road working conditions are built, including the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the World Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC), Federal Test Procedure 72 (FTP-72), Federal Test Procedure 75 (FTP-75), the China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle—Passenger (CLTC-P), and the New York City Cycle (NYCC). The efficiency of the regenerative braking strategy is validated by using the Simulink/MATLAB simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed dynamic logic threshold control strategy can significantly improve the energy recovery effect of electric vehicles, and the energy recovery efficiency can be improved by at least 25% compared to the situation without regenerative braking. Specifically, under the aforementioned road working conditions, the braking energy recovery efficiency levels are 27.69%, 42.18%, 49.54%, 47.60%, 49.28%, and 51.06%, respectively. Moreover, the energy recovery efficiency obtained by the current dynamic logic threshold is also compared with other published results. The regenerative braking control method proposed in this article makes the braking control of electric vehicles more precise, effectively reducing energy consumption and improving the driving range of electric vehicles.

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Research on Adaptive Distribution Control Strategy of Braking Force for Pure Electric Vehicles

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Regenerative Braking of Electric Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Control Strategy

Regenerative Braking of Electric Vehicles Based on Fuzzy Control Strategy

Experimental evaluation of vehicle braking efficiency considering the influence of tires

A Logic Threshold Control Strategy to Improve the Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery of Electric Vehicles

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