Research of Water-Fuel Microemulsions as Fuel for Diesel Engine

Abstract

The combustion of fuels is and will be in the nearest future a basic way of acquiring the energy, among others, for transport purposes. Transport causes many threats for natural environment. It produces powders and particulates, together with many gaseous noxious substances and is also the source of noise and vibrations. Sources of propulsion, applied in transport, are almost exclusively piston-combustion engines, among which the dominant role play self-ignition engines. In the light of well-known advantages of these engines, they were accepted as most beneficial sources of car vehicles' propulsion in nearest decades, provided they meet the requirements of the future legal regulations regarding the environmental protection. The emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) is a problem to be solved in modern engines. This constitutes so called targets conflict, consisting in excluding the alternative of both coefficients' decrease, in the way of regulation the set of an engine and the limiting emissions, permitted by the EURO regulations. From among many different methods of limiting both the formation and emission of NOx, the method of the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) is universally applied. This method requires special installation with the catalyst and the reservoir intended for the "clinically" clean reductive measure. In the aspect of constituting opinions regarding the need of reducing additional installations and media on board the vehicle, it seems that to supply the engine with fuel-water emulsion and especially fuel-water microemulsion becomes an interesting solution.

Experimental investigation of 4‐cylinder compression–ignition engine parameters fueled by newly formulated hydrous ethanol–diesel‐emulsified fuel infused with nano‐sized γ‐Al2O3 particles

“…Test fuels containing Al 2 O 3 nanoparticles had shorter IDPs and enhanced combustion properties, which reduced smoke opacity 46 . The findings of smoke opacity in this study are consistent with those found in the literature 68,69 …”

“…46 The findings of smoke opacity in this study are consistent with those found in the literature. 68,69 3.3 | Engine combustion analysis…”

Impact of water content in fuel for smoke opacity

“…Currently, one of the conditions determining the use of internal combustion engines is the composition of exhaust gases emitted into the atmosphere. This is expressed in the emission of carbon dioxide CO 2 , which is reflected in the level of fuel consumption, as well as the emission of toxic exhaust components in the form of carbon monoxide CO, nitrogen oxides NO x , unburned hydrocarbons HC and particulate matter PM [8].…”

“…Research on the use of water emulsions to power internal combustion engines has been conducted around the world for many years, but the scientific basis developed so far does not allow for wider technical applications. The reason is usually unfavorable results, in particular: stability of fuel-water emulsions, sensitivity to ambient temperature, possibility of corrosion of precision elements of injection equipment [8].…”

Impact Analysis of Internal Catalyst Converter on Operating Parameters of Vw 1.9 Tdi Engine

“…Automotive industry has a very diverse impact on the environment. You can divide it into beneficial effects, mainly sociological and civilization, and adverse effects such as air pollution from exhaust fumes, effects causing vibration and noise, or leaks [7,8]. Subjects of environmental impact are primarily: motor vehicles (cars, trucks, buses, etc.…”