Impact of water content in fuel for smoke opacity

Abstract

The development of internal combustion engines is focused at solving problems like: fulfillment with increasingly stringent requirements regarding exhaust emissions and elimination of threats to the natural environment. The subject of this thesis is to assessment the impact of supplying a compression-ignition engine with hydrocarbon mixtures and to examine the impact of water on external parameters of the engine, such as smoke opacity. The tests were carried out using a innovative mixture of hydrated fusel oils, ethyl alcohol and ionic and/or non-ionic emulsifiers, from which was made of microemulsions with a water content in diesel oil of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%. The main tests were carried out on a 4-cylinder VW 1.9 TDI internal combustion engine at a constant engine crankshaft speed of 3000 rpm and variable load of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 Nm. The tests carried out showed a beneficial effect of the water content in the diesel oil on the reduction of the average value of smoke opacity, which systematically decreases with the increase in the percentage of water in the diesel oil.

Analysis of passenger car powertrain system measurements in road conditions

“…The powertrain's flexibility is the ability to change its load as represented by the torque waveform between the values of the drive shaft speed at maximum torque (n Mmax ) and maximum power (n Nmax ). This property is expressed by the torque and speed flexibility index and is widely described in the literature [14,17] as the powertrain's shaft speed flexibility: (5) where: n N maxspeed at maximum power, rpm; n M maxspeed at maximum torque, rpm; M maxmaximum torque, Nm; M Nmaxtorque at the powertrain's maximum power, Nm.…”

“…Once connected to the on-board diagnostic network via the OBD socket and logged into the measured value block, selected parameters of the tested powertrain, such as time, engine crankshaft speed and vehicle speed during the test, can be recorded. A complication of this measurement method is the need to develop a measurement algorithm to determine the powertrain's operating parameters from the obtained measurement data [8], obtained, for example, with the use of the inertia method [1,9] or the load method [5,7]. An interface for reading the parameters from the CAN BUS on-board data transmission network can also be used to measure the powertrain's operating parameters.…”