Research Note: Serological investigation of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in China

Xue, Jia; Lv, Chunmei; Pei, He; Xu, Meiyu; Zhang, Guozhong

doi:10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.045

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Associations with age of birds, Our results relating to the incidence of QRT infection and age of birds are parallel with those of Xue et al (2020), who found that by increasing the age, the rate of ORT also increased. ORT is a difficult bacterium to be cultured.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Current Status of Multidrug Resistance of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from Avian Host

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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Resistance of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) to antibiotics involves a decrease in antibiotic efficacy against the organisms. ORT causes an acute bacterial disease that affects the respiratory system of chickens. This disease results in severe issues of intensive poultry products and public health concern. Therefore, isolation, identification, investigation on antibacterial sensitivity and multidrug resistance patterns of ORT isolates were the main aims of this study. Tracheal samples (n=200) were collected from freshly dead birds with postmortem lesions of respiratory illness. ORT was isolated and identified by classical cultural and molecular methods. Antibacterial sensitivity testing of isolated organisms was carried out by disc diffusion method against seven antibacterial agents. The incidence values of ORT by cultural method were 20.0 and 3.0% from the tracheal samples of dead birds <18 and <18 days old, respectively. Out of 23 cultural positive samples, 15(65.21%) were found positive for the presence of 16S rRNA (625 bp) by PCR. The results of antibiotic sensitivity revealed that 66.6% of isolates were sensitive to amoxicillin, while 60.0 and 46.6% of isolates were sensitive to erythromycin and florfenicol, respectively. For difloxacine and doxycycline, the frequency of sensitive samples was 33.3 and 13.3%, respectively. The highest antimicrobial resistance of QRT isolates was seen against gentamycin and colistin (100%), followed by doxycycline (86.6%) and difloxacine (66.6%). In conclusion, it is very important to update the baseline resistance pattern data for this organism.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Current Status of Multidrug Resistance of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from Avian Host

2022

Int J Vet Sci

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“…This observation was confirmed by culturing the suspected colonies on MacConkey's agar medium, which revealed negative results in the presence of ORT [15]. Nevertheless, using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic method has shown to be one of the most important detection methods for ORT due to its proven sensitivity and accuracy compared to traditional isolation methods [12,[15][16][17]. Likewise, for further confirmation of the presence of ORT, 16S rRNA sequencing has been conducted in several studies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…However, these manifestations depended on many factors, such as live viral infection burdens or other bacterial synergism occurring during the infection process. Furthermore, many important factors, such as stock density, bad management, and environmental conditions accounted for infection rates, as the ORT infection was also reported after stress factors like live vaccination [7,12]. Nevertheless, the main characterized symptom of swollen head syndrome (SHS) was observed to be swelling of the head and facial edema, which resulted from accumulating inflammatory exudates beneath the skin of the head [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The first isolation and detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from swollen head syndrome-infected broiler flocks in Iraq

et al. 2021

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Background and Aim: The swollen head syndrome (SHS) makes up complex diseases that infect the upper respiratory tract in poultry and causes several economic losses. Furthermore, this syndrome is considered one of the multifactorial etiological agents. Therefore, this study isolated and molecularly detected Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) in poultry. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted at 67 broiler farms that had birds observed to be infected with the SHS from September 2018 until August 2019. Subsequently, swabs were collected from their trachea, infraorbital sinuses, and lungs, after which obtained samples were treated through two methods: (a) The direct method, by uploading samples on FTA cards, and the indirect method using a transport media. Afterward, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to analyze the directly treated samples; howeverAQ1, the culture method, followed by PCR, was used to analyze the indirectly treated samples. Next, a partial 16S RNA gene was isolated using four positive PCR products, after which the effect of 16 antibiotics was studied on the seven local ORT strains isolated. Results: The quantity of ORT isolated using the direct method was 28 (41.7%) samples, which were all positive for the strain. Identification was by direct molecular identification (RT-PCR) from samples loaded on FTA cards. Alternatively, 7 (10.4%) ORTs were detected from the indirect method, as obtained using the culture method and biochemical tests. Then, PCR was subsequently used to confirm the results. As observed, 784 bp bands were shown for all seven ORT isolates. Furthermore, results revealed a significant difference in the detection of ORT strains between direct and indirect methods, with p-value (<0.05) and standard deviation of the error ±0.038 for the direct, then ±0.061 for the indirect method. For further analysis on the strain types, four 784 bp PCR products were taken, then partial 16S ribosomal sequence typing was conducted. All these four strains were found to be recorded in NCBI for the 1st time as a local Iraqi strain, with accession numbers (MN931657, MN931656, MN931655, and MN931654). Notably, results also showed that all isolated strains were multidrug-resistant. Conclusion: From the results, ORT is proposed to be implicated as one of the etiological factors that cause SHSs in poultry. Phylogenetic analysis of the current ORT bacterial strains also showed that they are closely related to the Egyptian isolates.

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“…Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale is a small, gram-negative bacillus with rounded ends, which does not form spores or capsules, is poorly cultured by classical bacteriological methods, and its growth is often suppressed by the accompanying microflora (Hauck & Shivaprasad, 2015). The causative agent of ornithobacteriosis is common in Europe and Asia, and poultry are infected in vertical and horizontal ways (Mayahi et al, 2016;Xue et al, 2020). A large variation in ornithobacterium serotypes, the rapid development of circulating strains' resistance, the complex process of isolating the pathogen and setting up a response to antibiotic sensitivity, contributes to the fact that ornithobacteriosis often remains an "undertreated disease".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic changes in the organs of broiler chickens with Ornithobacterium rhinotra-cheale infection

Borysevych

Dukhnytskyj

Tyshkivska

et al. 2021

Regul. Mech. Biosyst.

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Nowadays ornithobacteriosis is widespread among industrial poultry in Ukraine and the world. The disease leads to significant economic losses. The large variation in the serotypes of the bacteria complicates the treatment of the disease. The study of microscopic changes that occur in organs during ornithobacteriosis will help to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease development. Ornithobacteriosis was diagnosed in clinically sick broiler chickens by bacteriological studies using Maldi Tof mass-spectrometry. As a result of the antibiotic sensitivity test, the pathogen was found to be sensitive to doxycycline, tilmicosin, rifampicin, cefazolin, amoxiclav and benzylpenicillin. Histological studies of internal organs – trachea, lungs, heart, kidneys, liver and spleen – were carried out. It was found that with spontaneous ornithobacteriosis of broiler chickens, the most expressive microscopic changes occur in the respiratory organs – the lungs and trachea and are characterized by a decrease in the lumen of the parabronchials due to edema of their walls and infiltration with lymphocytes, the absence of epithelium on the surface of the parabronchials, narrowing of the air capillaries of the parabronchial complexes, hemorrhages in the parenchyma of the parabronchial complexes, vasodilatation of the lung vessels and overflow of their blood vessels with blood cells, edema around the epithelium trachea, destruction of part of the tracheal mucosa epithelial cells, edema of its submucosa, expansion and overflow of blood vessels of the mucous membrane with blood cells. In the spleen there was a uniform diffuse edema of the parenchyma and a decrease in the number of lymphocytes in the lymphoid follicles; in the kidneys – expansion and overflow of the stroma blood vessels, uneven edema of the glomeruli of one part of the renal corpuscles and destruction of the glomeruli of another, granular degeneration of the convoluted and straight tubules of the kidneys; in the liver – edema, hemorrhage, violation of the hepatic lobules’ structure, expansion of the hepatic veins, granular degeneration of hepatocytes or their destruction; in the heart – edema of the myocardial interstitium, muscle fibers’ granular dystrophy, fragmentation of muscle fibers as a result of their rupture. Histological research of ORT infected chickens will lead to a better understanding the mechanism of pathological changes at the microscopic level, which will facilitate the development of more effective methods of treatment and prevention of the disease.

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Research Note: Serological investigation of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale infection in China

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Current Status of Multidrug Resistance of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from Avian Host

Current Status of Multidrug Resistance of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from Avian Host

The first isolation and detection of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale from swollen head syndrome-infected broiler flocks in Iraq

Microscopic changes in the organs of broiler chickens with Ornithobacterium rhinotra-cheale infection

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