Research needs for restoring seasonal tropical forests in Thailand: accelerated natural regeneration

Hardwick, Kate; Healey, John R.; Elliott, Stephen; Blakesley, David

doi:10.1023/b:nefo.0000022228.08887.d2

Cited by 57 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Por isso, experimentos que quantifiquem a eficiência de estratégias de manejo de florestas degradadas, incluindo sua avaliação temporal, são essenciais (Hardwick et al, 2004;Souza & Batista, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Dessa forma, o manejo deve gerar condições ambientais que promovam a retomada o mais próximo possível de seus atributos ecológicos originais (Kennard & Gholz, 2001;Hardwick et al, 2004;Hooper et al, 2005). Logo, torna-se necessário compreender os mecanismos de desenvolvimento e sobrevivência de espécies nativas (Doust et al, 2008;Lacerda & Figueiredo, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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Seletividade de herbicidas em mudas das espécies nativas Acacia polyphylla, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae), Ceiba speciosa e Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae)

Monquero

Penha

Orzari³

et al. 2011

Planta daninha

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Este trabalho avaliou a seletividade de herbicidas sobre espécies nativas de florestas estacionais semideciduais de São Paulo, amplamente utilizadas em projetos de restauração de ecossistemas naturais degradados: Acacia polyphylla e Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae), e Ceiba speciosa e Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae). Os tratamentos consistiram de uma testemunha sem herbicida e da aplicação de herbicidas imazapyr (125, 250, 500, 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000 g ha-1), sulfentrazone (100, 200, 400, 800, 1.400 e 2.400 g ha-1), glyphosate (90, 180, 360, 720, 1.440 e 2.160 g ha-1) e metribuzin (360, 720, 1.920, 2.880, 5.760 e 8.400 g ha-1 ). Foram avaliados os sintomas de fitotoxicidade aos 30 dias após aplicação (DAA) e a biomassa seca da parte aérea. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições por tratamento. Cada parcela experimental foi constituída de uma muda com 30 cm de altura. Os resultados permitem concluir que, entre os herbicidas testados, o glyphosate foi o menos seletivo às espécies arbóreas, razão pela qual são sugeridas aplicações dirigidas desse produto. As espécies estudadas diferiram em relação à seletividade dos herbicidas avaliados. Para C. speciosa, o imazapyr foi o herbicida mais seletivo, seguido do sulfentrazone. O herbicida metribuzin foi seletivo para A. polyphylla. Quanto a E. contortisiliquum, o metribuzin foi menos tóxico, seguido pelo sulfentrazone. Para L. divaricata, somente o herbicida sulfentrazone foi seletivo.

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Section: Introductionunclassified

Seletividade de herbicidas em mudas das espécies nativas Acacia polyphylla, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae), Ceiba speciosa e Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae)

Monquero

Penha

Orzari³

et al. 2011

Planta daninha

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“…Consequently, it is a fundamental process in the maintenance and recovery of biodiversity in degraded areas (Wunderle-Junior, 1997;Hardwick et al, 2004;Trakhtenbrot et al, 2005) such as the Cerrado biome, one of the biodiversity hotspots of the planet (Myers et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frugivory and seed dispersal of Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogniaux (Melastomataceae) by birds in a transition palm swamp: gallery forest in Central Brazil

Melo

2012

Braz. J. Biol.

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The objective of this study was to evaluate potential avian dispersers of Miconia theaezans by dietary habits in the Cerrado of Central Brazil. Forty-two hours and 40 minutes of focal tree observation were conducted between 7:00 AM and 5:00 PM. For each bird species that consumed the fruit, we registered: the time they remained on the plant, the total amount of fruit they consumed, foraging tactics and strategies to consume the fruit. Five-hundred and fifty-nine units of fruit were consumed in 47 visits by seven bird species. Thraupidae was the most frequent and representative family and Tangara cayana was the main consumer. The Tachyphonus rufus had the highest rate of intake of the entire fruit, however the rates were not significantly different among the visitors. The most-used foraging tactic by all species was to consume the fruit while "perched" (95.74% of the visits). The most commonly-used consumption strategy was to mandibulate the fruit and swallow all the contents (65.12%). Omnivores were the predominant visitors (71.43%) and made most of the visits (89.36%). All visiting species could act as potential dispersers of M. theaezans, which demonstrates the low selectiveness of this pioneer plant towards its frugivorous.Keywords: fruits, pioneer species, birds, cerrado. Frugivoria e dispersão de sementes de Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogniaux (Melastomataceae) por aves em uma transição Vereda -Mata de galeria no Brasil CentralResumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar, através do comportamento alimentar, as aves potencialmente dispersoras de Miconia theaezans no Cerrado do Brasil Central. Foram realizadas 42 horas e 40 minutos de observações árvore-focal, entre 07:00 e 17:00 horas. Foram registrados para cada espécie de ave consumidora de frutos: tempo de permanência na planta, total de frutos consumidos, tática de forrageio e estratégia de consumo dos frutos. Foram consumidos 559 frutos em 47 visitas, por sete espécies de aves. Thraupidae foi a família mais representativa e frequente e Tangara cayana foi o principal consumidor. A maior taxa de consumo de frutos inteiros foi encontrada para Tachyphonus rufus, porém não foi significativamente diferente entre os visitantes. A tática de forrageamento mais utilizada no consumo dos frutos de todas as espécies foi "empoleirado" (95,74% das visitas). A estratégia de consumo mais utilizada foi mandibular o fruto e engolir todo o conteúdo (65,12%). Houve predominância de onívoros em termos de visitantes (71,43%) e visitas (89,36%). Todas as espécies visitantes podem atuar como potenciais dispersoras de M. theaezans, demonstrando a baixa seletividade desta planta pioneira em relação aos seus frugívoros.Palavras-chave: frutos, espécies pioneiras, aves, cerrado.

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“…Numerous researchers (Fox et al 2000, Long and Zhou 2001, Hardwick et al 2004 have supported TEK as a means to maintain ecosystem health and produce for agricultural subsistence. For example, indigenous swidden (periodic burn) agroforestry can be productive (Long and Nair 1999) while maintaining ecological integrity (Wang and Young 2003, Diemont and Martin 2005, Diemont et al 2006a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lacandon Maya ecosystem management: sustainable design for subsistence and environmental restoration

Diemont

Martin

2009

Ecological Applications

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Abstract. Indigenous groups have designed and managed their ecosystems for generations, resulting in biodiversity protection while producing for their family's needs. Here we describe the agroecosystem of the Lacandon Maya, an indigenous group who live in Chiapas, Mexico. The Lacandon practice a form of swidden agriculture that conserves the surrounding rain forest ecosystem while cycling the majority of their land through five successional stages. These stages include an herbaceous stage, two shrub stages, and two forest stages. A portion of their land is kept in primary forest. This study presents the Lacandon traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) for agroforestry and quantitatively describes the plant community and the associated soil ecology of each successional stage. Also documented is the knowledge of the Lacandon regarding the immediate use of plant species and plant species useful for soil fertility enhancement. Woody plant diversity increases during the successional stages of the Lacandon system, and by the beginning of the first forest stage, the diversity is similar to that of the primary forest. In all stages, Lacandon use 60% of the available plant species for food, medicine, and raw materials. Approximately 45% of the woody plant species present in each fallow stage were thought by the Lacandon to enhance soil fertility. Total soil nitrogen and soil organic matter increased with successional stage and with time from intentional burn. Nutrient and soil nematode dynamics in shrub stages related to the presence of introduced and managed plants, indicating engineered soil enhancement by the Lacandon. The effects on biodiversity and soil ecology coupled with productivity for agricultural subsistence indicate that Lacandon TEK may offer tools for environmental conservation that would provide for a family's basic needs while maintaining a biodiverse rain forest ecosystem. Tools such as these may offer options for regional restoration and conservation efforts such as the Mesoamerican Biological Corridor in Mexico and Central America, where attainment of environmental goals must include methods to provide resources to local inhabitants.

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Research needs for restoring seasonal tropical forests in Thailand: accelerated natural regeneration

Cited by 57 publications

References 53 publications

Seletividade de herbicidas em mudas das espécies nativas Acacia polyphylla, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae), Ceiba speciosa e Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae)

Seletividade de herbicidas em mudas das espécies nativas Acacia polyphylla, Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Fabaceae), Ceiba speciosa e Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae)

Frugivory and seed dispersal of Miconia theaezans (Bonpl.) Cogniaux (Melastomataceae) by birds in a transition palm swamp: gallery forest in Central Brazil

Lacandon Maya ecosystem management: sustainable design for subsistence and environmental restoration

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