Research in visually induced motion sickness

Kennedy, Robert S.; Drexler, Julie M.; Kennedy, Robert C.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2009.11.006

Cited by 261 publications

(162 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…One factor often associated with the occurrence of cybersickness when wearing HMDs is vection [11,[24][25][26][27][28][29]. However, there has been surprisingly little systematic examination of vection using HMDs (and even less research examining both vection and motion sickness with HMDs).…”

Section: Relationship Between Vection and Cybersickness In Hmdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

2017

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Cybersickness is often experienced when viewing virtual environments through head-mounted displays (HMDs). This study examined whether vection (i.e., illusory self-motion) and mismatches between perceived and physical head motions contribute to such adverse experiences. Observers made oscillatory yaw head rotations while viewing stereoscopic optic flow through an Oculus Rift HMD. Vection and cybersickness were measured under 3 conditions of visual compensation for physical head movements: "compensated", "uncompensated", and "inversely compensated". When a nearer aperture was simulated by the HMD, vection was found to be strongest in the "compensated" condition and weakest in the "inversely compensated" condition. However, vection was similar for all 3 conditions during full-field exposures. Cybersickness was most severe for the "inversely compensated" condition, but was not different for the other two conditions. We conclude that mismatches between perceived and physical head-movements can contribute strongly to cybersickness. The relationship between vection and cybersickness is weaker and appears complex. Cybersickness is often experienced when viewing virtual environments through headmounted displays (HMDs). This study examined whether vection (i.e., illusory self-motion) and mismatches between perceived and physical head motions contribute to such adverse experiences. Observers made oscillatory yaw head rotations while viewing stereoscopic optic flow through an Oculus Rift HMD. Vection and cybersickness were measured under 3 conditions of visual compensation for physical head movements: "compensated", "uncompensated", and "inversely compensated". When a nearer aperture was simulated by the HMD, vection was found to be strongest in the "compensated" condition and weakest in the "inversely compensated" condition. However, vection was similar for all 3 conditions during full-field exposures. Cybersickness was most severe for the "inversely compensated" condition, but was not different for the other two conditions. We conclude that mismatches between perceived and physical head-movements can contribute strongly to cybersickness. The relationship between vection and cybersickness is weaker and appears complex.

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Section: Relationship Between Vection and Cybersickness In Hmdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

2017

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“…The intense interaction with a virtual world leads to embodiment [69] and multiple physiological reactions. Extensive interaction with E D may cause cybersickness, which sometimes resembles motion sickness (when we perceive incongruent sensory inputs [70]); but can be differentiated and also appears independently from visual perception [71,72]. Similarly, the health impacts of excessive Internet gaming are known [73].…”

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confidence: 99%

Sustainable Digital Environments: What Major Challenges Is Humankind Facing?

Scholz

2016

Sustainability

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This paper identifies and discusses the benefits, threats, and vulnerabilities related to the digital revolution. It aims to motivate research and its funding regarding digital threats and vulnerabilities related, in particular, to anticipating unintended, undesirable rebound effects, tipping points, critically fast evolutionary change rates, trade-offs, etc. A brief analysis of the history of the mind and technology reveals slow technological development over tens of thousands of years (including the invention of a place-value digital number system). Then, a small series of groundbreaking ideas (e.g., binary logic, Shannon's symbolic analysis of relay and switching circuits, architectures of computing) enabled the industry-driven invention of programmable computing machines. Ultimately, the mastery of electron and semiconductor physics allowed for economical and seemingly unlimited storage capacity that made digital tools available to all domains of society. Based on the historical analysis, a coupled human-environment systems perspective (that includes a hierarchy assumption ranging from the human cell to the human species) enables the identification of several potential challenges to society and science. First, digital nano-engineering promotes genetic modifications (i.e., directed evolution), and synthetic biology enables a new level of the appropriation of nature. The understanding of cell-based biocomputers may call for new forms of logic. These and other challenges require thorough sustainability research in order to anticipate major changes on all levels of human systems. Second, the human individual is exposed to new forms of vulnerability. In particular, the potential epigenetic effects resulting from the excessive use of digital information of historically unknown speed, density, and contents and the loss of (the Western common-law right to) privacy resulting from big data (whose ownership is often unknown) should become subjects of research. Third, digital technologies are responsible for rapid changes in all social and economic structures. The paper suggests that thorough, discipline-based interdisciplinary research is needed in order to develop basic knowledge for creating and managing resilient relationships between human systems and their digital environments.Keywords: digital revolution; digital threats; rebound effects; genetically modified organisms (GMO); cell-based computers; cell-based computing; environmental epigenetics; loss of privacy; appropriation of nature Why Do Digital Environments Call for Special Attention? The Social Dimension of the Digital Revolution Is Not Yet Well UnderstoodThe development of Homo sapiens and human societies is characterized by a couple of fundamental transitions. The present paper starts from the proposition that, phylogenetically and historically, many impacts linked to the emergence of digital environments (E D ) have the same gravity as the mastery of fire, the development of speech, the invention of agrotechnology, and the Industrial Revolutio...

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“…a-specific oculomotor or disorientation symptoms (SSQ). Since we did not observe a significantly higher oculomotor score in the 3D session as compared to the 2D session, we argue that the observed oculomotor symptoms were not solely caused by the accommodation-vergence conflict [37]; but, rather reflect VIMS symptoms caused by other visual factors present in both the 2D and 3D stimuli [1,37,38]. Moreover, the observed increase in disorienting symptoms, which are only part of the symptom set of VIMS, provides evidence in favor of VIMS over visual discomfort.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Exposure to motion stimuli, either in 2D or 3D, can cause symptoms similar to those associated with motion sickness, also called visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. VIMS is a condition in which viewers experience oculomotor, disorienting and especially nauseating symptoms due to exposure to certain visual patterns, while being physically stationary [1][2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…VIMS is a condition in which viewers experience oculomotor, disorienting and especially nauseating symptoms due to exposure to certain visual patterns, while being physically stationary [1][2][3][4]. In addition to VIMS symptoms, viewing motion stimuli can also affect postural control, defined as ''the act of maintaining, achieving or restoring a state of balance during any posture or activity" [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equally moved and not really sick from viewing 2D and 3D motion stimuli on a TV screen

2016

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a b s t r a c tObjective: Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) and increased postural sway are two adverse side effects that may occur when viewing motion stimuli. However, whether these effects are elevated to a greater extent when viewing stereoscopic 3D motion stimuli, compared to 2D stimuli on a TV screen, has not been investigated under controlled circumstances. Therefore this study aimed at investigating VIMS and postural sway before, during, and directly after viewing 2D and 3D motion stimuli, on a commonly available TV screen. Method: 16 Participants were exposed to an aviation documentary shown in 2D and in 3D on separate occasions. Before, during, and after exposure, VIMS and postural sway were measured. VIMS was quantified by a rating scale giving a single number, and by a multi-symptom questionnaire that assessed multiple VIMS symptoms separately. Sway path length, standard deviations and short-range and longrange scaling components of the center of pressure were calculated as measures of postural sway. Results: VIMS symptom severity, as obtained with the single rating scale, did not show a significant increase to either 2D or 3D exposure. The multi-symptom questionnaire did reveal significant increases in VIMS symptom severity to both 2D and 3D exposure. However, VIMS was not significantly more increased in case of 3D exposure compared to 2D exposure. All postural sway measures (sway path length, standard deviation in mediolateral and anteroposterior direction, as well as the short-range scaling components) increased significantly as a result of exposure. None of the postural sway measures was differentially affected to 3D as compared to 2D exposure. Conclusion: Viewing 3D motion stimuli did not cause more serious VIMS symptoms, compared to viewing motion stimuli in 2D. We attribute this lack of difference to the fact that the 3D effects in this documentary were optimized for viewing in a cinema, the projection on the TV-screen thus causing quarantining of the visual input. The increase in postural sway, irrespective of image type, may reflect exploratory behavior, allowing the participant to gain more information about self-orientation with respect to the virtual environment.

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Research in visually induced motion sickness

Cited by 261 publications

References 21 publications

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

Vection and cybersickness generated by head-and-display motion in the Oculus Rift

Sustainable Digital Environments: What Major Challenges Is Humankind Facing?

Equally moved and not really sick from viewing 2D and 3D motion stimuli on a TV screen

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