Research in Organic Farming

Nokkoul, Raumjit

doi:10.5772/2441

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…This detrimental effect is mainly related to the ability of weeds to compete with crops for limiting resources (i.e., light, water, and nutrients). The relative competitive ability of weeds is mainly determined by both the species characteristics (i.e., botanical and physiological aspects) and the cropping system management (Lundkvist and Verwijst, 2011). These aspects are particularly relevant for vegetable crops, which are commonly weak competitors against weeds (Masiunas, 1998), especially in low input systems (den Hollander et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living mulch for weed management in organic vegetable cropping systems under Mediterranean and North European conditions

Ciaccia¹,

Kristensen

Campanelli

et al. 2016

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of growing in-season agro-ecological service crops as living mulch (LM) with vegetable crops, exploiting their potential to suppress weeds by filling the ecological niches otherwise occupied by weeds. Two field experiments were carried out in Denmark and Italy to compare different LM introduction strategies in organic vegetable cropping systems. In Denmark, leek (Allium porrumL.) was grown with dyers woad (Isatis tinctoriaL.) LM strips, while cauliflower (Brassica oleraceaL. var.botrytis) was intercropped with a broad sowed burr medic (Medicago polimorphaL., var. anglona) in Italy. Two LM times of sowing relative to cash crop transplanting––an early sowing (es LM) and a late sowing (ls LM)––were compared with a control with no LM (no LM). The effects of LM treatment on crop competitiveness, LM smother effect and weed populations were evaluated by direct measurement, visual estimation and competitive index methods. Comparison among hybrid and open pollinated cultivar responses to LM introduction was also performed. Results showed a significant higher cash crop biomass in ls LM than in es LM, with comparable yield to the weeded controls, except for es LM in Italy. Moreover, in the Danish experiment, the LM and weed biomasses were up to 5 times lower in the es LM and ls LM treatments than the weed biomass alone in no LM treatment. Reduction in weed biomass and abundance was observed also in ls LM in the Italian trial. Similarly, the competitive balance (Cb), which quantifies the ability of the cash crop to compete with neighbours, was higher in the es LM (+0.29) and ls LM (+0.72) compared with unweeded no LM control (−0.86) in Denmark. In the Italian experiment, the cauliflower showed more competitive ability against neighbours in ls LM (+0.53) and was a weak competitor in es LM (−1.51). The cash crop had higher competitive ability against LM (Cbc-lm) when sowing was more delayed in both experiments, while, in the Italian trial, the LM was more competitive against weeds (Cblm-w) in ls LM (+1.54) than in es LM (−0.41). The slight differences observed for biomass and competitive ability between the tested cultivars, highlighted similar suitability of both hybrid and open-pollinated cultivars to grow with LM. Our findings suggest the viability of the introduced LM in managing weeds and avoiding a smother effect on the crop, with particular effectiveness with delayed LM sowing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living mulch for weed management in organic vegetable cropping systems under Mediterranean and North European conditions

Ciaccia¹,

Kristensen

Campanelli

et al. 2016

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

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“…Biological control is the use of living agents to reduce the spread or vigor of weeds considered problematic (Blossey 2007;Lundkvist and Verwijst 2011). Many studies have been conducted on the biological control of C. arvense.…”

Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have been conducted on the biological control of C. arvense. Pathogens have been studied more than insects for C. arvense control, mainly in greenhouses (Lundkvist and Verwijst 2011;Orloff et al 2018). According to these studies, the most effective agents on C. arvense are the pests Puccinia punctiformis and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, along with the beetle Cassida rubiginosa (Orloff et al 2018).…”

Section: Biological Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonchemical control of a perennial weed, Cirsium arvense, in arable cropping systems. A review

Favrelière

Ronceux

Pernel

et al. 2020

Agron. Sustain. Dev.

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Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. is one of the most problematic perennial weeds in European countries, causing notable yield losses in both conventional and organic arable cropping systems. C. arvense control is essential because its infestation spreads rapidly and has negative impacts for several years due to its biological characteristics. Herbicidal treatments are the main control methods used in conventional input-based systems, but they are not always more effective than cultural practices. However, the cultural practices currently employed in arable cropping systems are often expensive and time-consuming. To guarantee the efficiency of these control practices, knowledge of C. arvense biology is essential. This review synthesizes the key points from the previous literature on C. arvense biology that can be mobilized to this end and analyzes the literature on different strategies of C. arvense control without herbicides. These strategies are (1) limitation of C. arvense dispersal, (2) weakening of root reserves, (3) extraction of roots, (4) competition with cultivated species, and (5) physical destruction. There is also a review of reported experiences using these strategies for C. arvense control, and relevant information is presented on associated biological processes to optimize the efficacy of each practice. The benefits and drawbacks of these strategies for C. arvense control are also emphasized, as well as the possibility of combining them in cropping systems, even though some knowledge gaps remain. This review confirms that one individual practice, implemented in 1 year only, is not sufficient to provide satisfactory, long-term control of C. arvense; therefore, further studies on combinations of control strategies and processes are required. There is a particular lack of knowledge about the duration of the effect of C. arvense control strategies.

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Pre-Anthesis Nutritional Status of Spelt Wheat as a Tool for Predicting the Attainable Grain Yield

et al. 2019

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The nutrient content in leaves of spelt wheat at late heading is crucial for the development of its yield components, and in consequence, grain yield. This hypothesis was verified based on data from long-term field experiments with four potassium (K) treatments based on the progressive K supply potential to plants from soil and fertilizer and two magnesium treatments (−Mg, +Mg). The number of ears (NE) and the number of grains per ear (NGE) responded significantly to the increased K and Mg supply. The grain yield was positively correlated with NGE. A shortage of N and Mg resulted in a lower NGE, whereas a shortage of N and Zn, concomitant with an excess of Ca, resulted in a significant decrease in NGE and thousand-grain weight. This effect can be diminished by the increased content of Mg. It has been revealed that the content of Zn in leaves of spelt wheat at heading is an important nutritional factor effectively controlling N, P and Fe contents in grain, and consequently, grain yield. This study showed that the content of nutrients in spelt leaves measured just before anthesis can be used for reliable prediction of the grain yield.

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Research in Organic Farming

Cited by 4 publications

References 186 publications

Living mulch for weed management in organic vegetable cropping systems under Mediterranean and North European conditions

Living mulch for weed management in organic vegetable cropping systems under Mediterranean and North European conditions

Nonchemical control of a perennial weed, Cirsium arvense, in arable cropping systems. A review

Pre-Anthesis Nutritional Status of Spelt Wheat as a Tool for Predicting the Attainable Grain Yield

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