Research in Delinquent Subcultures<sup>1</sup>

Cohen, Albert K.; Short, James F.

doi:10.1111/j.1540-4560.1958.tb01414.x

Cited by 126 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It seem likely that possession of high Assertiveness and Alertness and low Stolidness would be an asset for one aspiring to be a member of the criminal subculture. Cohen and Short (1958) in a later extension of Cohen's original position maintain that the "parent male subculture" has characteristics including short-run hedonism. Our multiple type seems most; closely aligned with their parent male subculture concept.…”

Section: Personality and Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Multivariate Analysis Of Gang Delinquency: Iv. Personality Factors In Gangs And Clubs

Cartwright¹,

Howard²,

Reuterman³

1980

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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A sample of gang members and a comparison group of club boys are compared on eleven factors from the Objective-Analytic Personality Factor Battery. It is found that gang and club boys differ significantly on five of the personality factors, with club boys being more assertive, more exuberant, and more realistic. The gang boys show more manic smartness and less self-realization. Possible relationships between these variables and type of delinquent behavior are examined. Three factors (assertiveness, alertness, and stolidness) do show significant differences between gang boys engaged in different types of delinquent behavior. However, no simple linear relationships are found between personality factors and delinquent behaviors in gangs. The findings are examined in the light of several hypotheses drawn from theories of personality and of gang delinquency.

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Section: Personality and Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Multivariate Analysis Of Gang Delinquency: Iv. Personality Factors In Gangs And Clubs

Cartwright¹,

Howard²,

Reuterman³

1980

Multivariate Behavioral Research

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“…Here, we look to Matza’s (1964) concept of “drift” for assistance. Matza (1964:182) concurs with Cohen and Short’s (1958:30) statement, “Delinquency…cannot be assumed to be a potentiality of human nature which automatically erupts when the lid is off,” and argues that theories in the social control tradition (e.g., Sampson and Laub 1993) are incomplete without providing “…an impetus by which the potential for delinquency may be realized” (see also Matsueda 1997). For Matza, and consistent with the tenets of classical criminology, it is the offender’s will, or agency, that is missing from social control and other positivist theories of crime.…”

Section: Cognition and Adolescent Experimentationmentioning

confidence: 97%

When Onset Meets Desistance: Cognitive Transformation and Adolescent Marijuana Experimentation

Kreager

Ragan²,

Nguyen

et al. 2016

J Dev Life Course Criminology

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Purpose Desistance scholars primarily focus on changing social roles, cognitive transformations, and shifting identities to understand the cessation of serious crime and illicit drug use in adulthood. In the current study, we move the spotlight away from adulthood and toward adolescence, the developmental stage when the prevalence of offending and substance use peak and desistance from most of these behaviors begins. Our primary hypothesis is that changes in perceived psychic rewards surrounding initial forays into marijuana use strongly predict adolescents’ decisions to cease or persist that behavior. In addition, based on social learning expectations, we hypothesize that peer perceptions and behaviors provide mechanisms for perceptual change. Methods We test these hypotheses using longitudinal data of marijuana use, perceptions, and peer networks from the PROmoting School-community-university Partnerships to Enhance Resilience (PROSPER) study. We estimate hazard models of marijuana initiation and within-person models of perceptual updating for youth from grades 6 to 12 (n=6,154). Results We find that changes in marijuana’s perceived psychic rewards surrounding initiation differentiated experimenters from persisters. Experimenters had significantly lower updated perceptions of marijuana as a fun behavior compared to persisters and these perceptions dropped after the initiation wave. In contrast, persisters updated their perceptions in upward directions and maintained more positive perceptions over time. Inconsistent with social learning expectations, initiators’ updated perceptions of marijuana as a fun activity were not explained by peer-reported behaviors or attitudes.

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“…Beaucoup d'observateurs de la vie sociale, Cohen et Short (1958), Salisbury (1958), Stein (1960), un sous-comité du Congrès américain (U.S.A., 1960), notent que la délinquance des classes aisées augmente. Mais il a fallu attendre les années 1960 pour dépasser les affirmations impressionnistes, réaliser des études sérieuses et formuler des explications théoriques cohé-rentes du phénomène.…”

Section: A Cadre Théorique Et Empiriqueunclassified

La délinquance en milieu aisé

Leblanc¹

2006

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DELINQUENCY IN THE MIDDLE CLASS : A GROUP CULTURE OF COMMITTED DRUG USERS As a first step, this monograph evaluated the literature dealing with middle class delinquency. We were interested in the traditional forms of delinquency — agression, theft, etc., but in new forms as well : the hippie movement and student protest. Our second step was the study of a group culture of young adults, users of the minor drugs, hallucinogenics and psychedelics. This empiric study of the drug phenomenon in the middle class was accomplished by participant observation. The object of analyzing the group culture was to show how the consumption and distribution of drugs condition the structural and cultural aspects of life among a group of drug users. The results showed that the drug consumers studied were not social failures, and that their only consistent manifestation of maladjustment lay in their use of drugs. The group studied was a quasi-group whose activities consisted of sitting around and taking drugs with a background of silence or music. Culturally, much more of a vacuum was to be observed than adherence to an ideological, counter-cultural .— or rather, para-cultural .— support. The most interesting result was the demonstration of the direct relationship between drugs (consumption and/or distribution) and the structural and cultural aspects of the group studied. To interpret this drug phenomenon in the middle class, we advanced a paradigm consisting of four fields of importance : mass society that is alienating and anomic, the place of youth in society, the tolerance toward deviance, and the aimlessness of leisure time. On the basis of these areas of importance, the drug phenomenon exists because of the drift of youth between conformity and deviance.

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Research in Delinquent Subcultures¹

Cited by 126 publications

References 12 publications

Multivariate Analysis Of Gang Delinquency: Iv. Personality Factors In Gangs And Clubs

Multivariate Analysis Of Gang Delinquency: Iv. Personality Factors In Gangs And Clubs

When Onset Meets Desistance: Cognitive Transformation and Adolescent Marijuana Experimentation

La délinquance en milieu aisé

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Research in Delinquent Subcultures1

Cited by 126 publications

References 12 publications

Multivariate Analysis Of Gang Delinquency: Iv. Personality Factors In Gangs And Clubs

Multivariate Analysis Of Gang Delinquency: Iv. Personality Factors In Gangs And Clubs

When Onset Meets Desistance: Cognitive Transformation and Adolescent Marijuana Experimentation

La délinquance en milieu aisé

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Product

Resources

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Research in Delinquent Subcultures¹