“…Studies of programs in early childhood, elementary, middle, and high schools indicate that efforts to improve student outcomes are more effective when the family is actively involved (Henderson and Berla, 1994). Greenwood and Hickman (1991) have cited numerous studies focusing on elementary grades that found relationships between parent involvement and student variables such as academic achievement, sense of well-being, attendance, student attitude, homework readiness, grades, and educational aspirations. Parental involvement is also positively related to high school students' academic achievement (Paulson, 1994;Steinberg et al, 1992;Trusty, 1996), time spent on homework (Keith et al, 1986;Trusty, 1996), favorable attitudes toward school (Trusty, 1996), and reduced levels of high school dropout (Rumberger et al, 1990).…”