Research advances in the relationship between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerosis

Abstract

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a metabolic stress-induced liver disease that is closely related not only to genetic susceptibility but also to insulin resistance and highly linked with metabolic syndrome. In recent years, the prevalence of NAFLD has increased rapidly, paralleling the epidemic of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity leading to cardiovascular disease. It has been demonstrated that NAFLD is highly associated with atherosclerosis. With recently gained knowledge, it appears that NAFLD may induce insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fluctuation of adipokines associated with atherosclerosis. In this review, we aimed to summarize recent discoveries related to both NAFLD and atherosclerosis, and to identify possible mechanisms linking them.

Attenuation of oxidative stress-induced lesions in skeletal muscle in a mouse model of obesity-independent hyperlipidaemia and atherosclerosis through the inhibition of Nox2 activity

“…Most studies have shown that obesity per se induces elevated levels of circulating free fatty acids -deriving mainly from adipose tissue -that lead to ectopic fat accumulation in the liver and skeletal muscle [2]. Evidence also suggests that obesity-dependent hyperlipidaemia is a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and adipose tissue inflammation, conditions that in turn are associated with atherosclerosis [3,4]. However, the obesity-independent impact of hyperlipidaemia on metabolically active tissues has only recently begun to be unravelled [5,6].…”

Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Their Derivatives: Therapeutic Value for Inflammatory, Functional Gastrointestinal Disorders, and Colorectal Cancer

“…NAFLD is characterized by a cryptic low-grade inflammation process affecting the liver, with concomitant features of metabolic syndrome: obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and hypertension (Xu et al, 2015; Yki-järvinen, 2015). NAFLD affects patient's lifespan by elevating the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) (Xu et al, 2015; Yki-järvinen, 2015). The symptoms of NAFLD are usually scarce and the treatment is mainly symptomatic—it includes losing weight, increase in physical activity and diet modifications (Yki-järvinen, 2015).…”

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Cardiovascular Risk: Scientific Problem State

“…Вдобавок лептин играет важнейшую роль в усугубле-нии неалкогольного стеатогепатита и атеросклероза. Леп-тин совместно с инсулинорезистентностью подавляет синтез адипонектина, синтеза оксида азота и служит пре-дикторами ССЗ [9].…”

“…Также фетуин-А является ингибитором транс-формирующего фактора роста, мощного профибро-генного фактора, способствующего развитию фибро-за в печени и артериях. Таким образом, роль фетуина-А в патогенезе НАЖБП и атеросклероза остается про-тиворечивой [9].…”