Research advances and challenges in tissue-derived extracellular vesicles

Abstract

Extracellular vesicles (EV) are vesicular vesicles with phospholipid bilayer, which are present in biological fluids and extracellular microenvironment. Extracellular vesicles serve as pivotal mediators in intercellular communication by delivering lipids, proteins, and RNAs to the recipient cells. Different from extracellular vesicles derived from biofluids and that originate from cell culture, the tissue derived extracellular vesicles (Ti-EVs) send us more enriched and accurate information of tissue microenvironment. Notably, tissue derived extracellular vesicles directly participate in the crosstalk between numerous cell types within microenvironment. Current research mainly focused on the extracellular vesicles present in biological fluids and cell culture supernatant, yet the studies on tissue derived extracellular vesicles are increasing due to the tissue derived extracellular vesicles are promising agents to reflect the occurrence and development of human diseases more accurately. In this review, we aimed to clarify the characteristics of tissue derived extracellular vesicles, specify the isolation methods and the roles of tissue derived extracellular vesicles in various diseases, including tumors. Moreover, we summarized the advances and challenges of tissue derived extracellular vesicles research.

Biogenic nanoparticles from liquid and solid matrices: biochemical and biophysical properties of Extracellular Vesicles-enriched samples from human plasma and skeletal muscle tissue.

“…Un-cropped WB are available in the Supplemental Material. Each fraction density is indicated in g/cm 3 . Red box: fractions discarded for further analyses; Green box: fractions collected and further processed as a sample.…”

“…However, this perspective is at its infancy due to technical challenges 3 and the lack of rigorous approaches that allow comparing EVs from solid and liquid tissues, minimizing bias due to different separation techniques and highlighting differences due to the EV microenvironments. A variety of techniques for EV separation is flourishing both for liquid and solid matrices.…”

Comprehensive Overview the Role of Glycosylation of Extracellular Vesicles in Cancers

“…EVs are not confined to their initial perception as mere waste carriers at the first time of discovery. In contrast, they play crucial roles in a variety of physiological and pathological events, including immune responses, cellular differentiation, cellular metastasis, and so on. ,, The contents of EVs cargoes, especially glycoproteins, fluctuate with the state of the cells; they serves as a mirror of cellular events and states, conveying information that influences neighboring cells and the surrounding environment . The research of glycosylation in EVs holds substantial clinical significance and has garnered increasing attention in recent years.…”

Biogenesis and delivery of extracellular vesicles: harnessing the power of EVs for diagnostics and therapeutics

“…The use of EVs as biomarkers and therapeutic agents for numerous diseases is a highly active area of research. Several reviews on EV cell biology, lipid components, and clinical application with current research advances have been published recently ( van Niel et al, 2018 ; Zhi et al, 2022 ; Ghadami and Dellinger, 2023 ).…”