Research Advancement in Grassland Ecosystem Vulnerability and Ecological Resilience and Its Inspiration for Improving Grassland Ecosystem Services in the Karst Desertification Control

Abstract

Karst desertification control of grasslands balances the ecological and economic benefits of ecological restoration and rural ecological animal husbandry development. In the context of global changes and intensified human activities, the fragility of grassland ecosystems under karst desertification control is becoming increasingly evident, and enhancing the ecological resilience and ecosystem services of grasslands is an issue that urgently needs to be addressed. In this paper, the CNKI literature, WOS core databases and Goolgle scholar were used as search sources, identifying 179 articles related to the study of grassland ecosystem vulnerability and ecological resilience. This research systematically reviewed the progress of grassland ecosystem vulnerability research and analyzed the relationship between grassland ecosystem services (GESs) and grassland ecosystem vulnerability and resilience. The direction of enhancing GESs in karst areas is indicated in terms of the reciprocal feedback, synergistic relationship, and mechanism of action of GESs, vulnerability, and resilience. It is also emphasized that the karst desertification area should provide an ecological foundation for the sustainable development of the regional environment around the supply-and-demand relationship of GESs, the trade-off synergy of service flow, and the enhancement of ecological resilience, thereby consolidating the effectiveness of karst desertification control, enhancing GESs, and helping rural revitalization.

Research Progress of Grassland Ecosystem Structure and Stability and Inspiration for Improving Its Service Capacity in the Karst Desertification Control

“…The issue of the low stability of grassland ecosystems, can be explored through the mechanisms regulating the stability of grassland ecosystems, identify and quantify the factors affecting the stability of grassland ecosystems, select grass species suitable for local conditions, increase the diversity of grassland species, improve the resilience of grassland ecosystems, enhance ecological stability, and further promote the process of grassland ecological restoration, so as to reduce the ecological vulnerability of grassland and enhance the resilience and stability of grassland ecosystems [ 229 ].…”

“…Karst areas are very fragile and prone to ecological degradation due to their unique binary three-dimensional geological structure, of which karst desertification is an extreme manifestation of ecological degradation [ 229 ]. In the past 30 years, the KDC in southern China has achieved remarkable results in ecological environment and ecological restoration, but there is an urgent need to improve the stability of the KDC ecosystem and ecosystem service function [ 52 , 235 ].…”

“…In the past 30 years, the KDC in southern China has achieved remarkable results in ecological environment and ecological restoration, but there is an urgent need to improve the stability of the KDC ecosystem and ecosystem service function [ 52 , 235 ]. Grasslands of the KDC are dominated by artificial grasslands and supplemented by improved grasslands, which constitute an important ecosystem in karst areas [ 229 ]. The artificial grasses in the KDC areas mainly include monoculture Dactylis glomerata L., Lolium perenne L. and Medicago sativa L. Grasslands have a monoculture planting structure and weak disease resistance, and the resulting artificial grass ecosystem is extremely fragile.…”

Ecophysiology and Ecology of Grassland

“…Ecosystem Service Capacity of Grasslands for KDC 4.2.1. The Current Status of Grassland Ecosystem for KDC Karst areas are very fragile and prone to ecological degradation due to their unique binary three-dimensional geological structure, of which karst desertification is an extreme manifestation of ecological degradation [229]. In the past 30 years, the KDC in southern China has achieved remarkable results in ecological environment and ecological restoration, but there is an urgent need to improve the stability of the KDC ecosystem and ecosystem service function [52,235].…”

Ecological Stoichiometric Characteristics of Plant–Soil–Microorganism of Grassland Ecosystems under Different Restoration Modes in the Karst Desertification Area

“…The nutrient elements of plants, soil and microorganisms are coupled in the ecosystem process, but it is difficult to reveal the ecosystem process and quality change only through the study of nutrient elements, while C:N:P ratios can reflect the functional characteristics of nutrient use efficiency and nutrient limitation [9][10][11]. Currently, there are numerous studies on the ecological stoichiometry characteristics of degraded ecosystems, involving a wide range of research areas and objects [12][13][14][15][16], and these studies showed that there were certain differences in C, N, and P concentrations and ecological stoichiometry of plant-soil-microorganism systems in different regions, habitats and vegetation restoration measures. Vegetation restoration measures are one of the important factors affecting the C, N and P cycle of plant-soil-microorganism systems [17].…”