The electric power industry is an essential part of the energy industry as it strengthens the monitoring and control management of household electricity for the construction of an economic power system. In this paper, a non-intrusive affinity propagation (AP) clustering algorithm is improved according to the factor graph model and the belief propagation theory. The energy data of non-intrusive monitoring consists of the actual energy consumption data of each electronic appliance. The experimental results show that this improved algorithm identifies the basic and combined class of home appliances. According to the possibility of conversion between different classes, the combination of classes is broken down into different basic classes. This method provides the basis for power management companies to allocate electricity scientifically and rationally.Energies 2019, 12, 992 2 of 20 power of different electrical appliances. The power company can obtain the usual information about the user's electricity, to make a scientific and reasonable decision. This method can reduce the cost of installation and reduce the level of interference in measurement [6]. Commonly used clustering methods for identifying appliances include the following: Hart first proposed non-intrusive household appliance load monitoring and analyzed the algorithm and characteristics, in this case, the essence of this method is to decompose the aggregated load data of household appliance [7]. After decades of research, many methods have been applied to pattern recognition of NILM. Some representative methods are K-means, K-nearest neighbor, enhanced ISODATA and artificial neural network [8][9][10][11]. These methods provide some ideas for identifying the operating mode of electrical appliances, but when there is a large number of home appliances, the recognition results are often not ideal. Frey and Dueck first proposed a standard AP clustering algorithm to solve the clustering problem [12]. The standard AP clustering algorithm can be derived from the factor graph model and the belief propagation theory [12,13]. The factor graph model, proposed by Kschischang and Frey, is a graph description method where the global function is decomposed into the product of the local function [14]. The theory of belief propagation was proposed by Pearl and is a kind of message transfer algorithm for inference in the graph model [15]. Since its publication, AP clustering algorithm has been applied in many fields because of its unique clustering characteristics.