Requirement of chum salmon held in freshwater for dietary phosphorus.

Dietary phosphorus requirement of juvenile black seabream, Sparus macrocephalus

“…Ca/P ratios in wholebody, vertebrae and scale were comparable in all groups and showed no obvious trend with the change in phosphorus levels in the diet, while fish fed a P-deficient diet showed significantly lower Ca/P ratio in skin compared to the other treatments. This result partially agrees with that of Watanabe et al (1980), who found that chum salmon balanced the Ca/P ratio in the body by controlling the absorption or excretion of calcium, and this has also been shown to be the case in carp and rainbow trout (Ogino et al, 1979). But when the deficiency gets more severe, the Ca/P ratio will change (Baeverfjord et al, 1998).…”

“…2). This level is comparable to the dietary phosphorus requirement reported for tiger barb (0.52%; Elangovan and Shim, 1998) and chum salmon (0.5-0.6%; Watanabe et al, 1980). However, the dietary available P requirement of juvenile black seabream is relatively higher than the requirement value Fig.…”

“…These signs have also been observed by Andrews et al (1973), Dove (1976), Ogino and Takeda (1976), Ketola (1975) and Watanabe et al (1980), in channel catfish, common carp and two species of salmon. In the present study, growth response, feed efficiency (FE) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) of juvenile black seabream were significantly improved by the supplementation of dietary available P. Weight gain was lower for fish fed with the basal diet due to insufficient phosphorus being available for growth after being allocated for utilization in other physiological processes (Brown et al, 1992).…”

“…On the contrary, Shear and Hardy (1987) and Hardy et al (1991) reported that growth of rainbow trout fed with a phosphorus deficient diet did not differ from fish fed with phosphorus adequate diets. Watanabe et al (1980) also did not observe differences in growth rates of chum salmon differing in dietary phosphorus after 8 weeks, except when the feed contained less than 0.27% P. Meanwhile, Baeverfjord et al (1998) found only minor growth depression after severe phosphorus deficiency in Atlantic salmon fingerlings. This may be attributed to several factors such as age, stage of development, diet composition, duration of the experiment, health and rearing condition (Roy and Lall, 2003).…”

“…Due to the function of phosphorus in bone structure, the vertebrae phosphorus content is considered to be the most sensitive criterion for P utilization in terrestrial vertebrates (Nelson and Walker, 1964;Ketaren et al, 1993;Rovindran et al, 1995), freshwater fish (Ketola, 1975;Watanabe et al, 1980;Ketola and Richmond, 1994;Rodehutscord, 1996;Ảsgård and Shearer, 1997;Baeverfjord et al, 1998;Jahan et al, 2001) and marine fish (Sakamoto and Yone, 1978;Dougall et al, 1996;Borlongan and Satoh, 2001;Mai et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2006). Fish scales are also one of the major sites of phosphorus metabolism and deposition (Lall, 1991).…”