Reproductive toxicology of acephate in male mice

Upadhyay

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

et al. 2015

Acephate and its metabolite methamidophos are common organophosphorus insecticide used for crop protection. High uses of acephate and methamidophos have induced health issues and environmental pollution. Their undesired presence in the environment is creating ecotoxicology and may harm human health. It is therefore essential to detect the presence of acephate and methamidophos even in trace level. In this review, we have tried to accommodate successful methods of detection of acephate and methamidophos in the different biological media. Their recovery and residue analysis in different media such as vegetables, human and animal tissues have also included. The most common method for their determination is based on chromatographic separation and identification. Among different chromatographic methods, LC and GC coupled with different detectors have used. But, they both need extensive pretreatment and cleanup procedure, before undergoing chromatographic separation and identification. LC coupled with mass spectrometry (LCMS) is sometime able to detect acephate and methamidophos in ppm level. ª 2015 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Section: Mode Of Action and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Mode Of Action and Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on sample preparation and chromatographic determination of acephate and methamidophos in different samples

Upadhyay

Arabian Journal of Chemistry

et al. 2015

Afr. J. Pharm. Pharmacol.

“…OP insecticides are known to inhibit acetylcholinesterase and pseudocholinesterase activity in target tissues (John et al, 2001;Kalender et al, 2006). Other systems that can be affected by OPs are the immune system (Handy et al, 2002), reproductive system (Farag et al, 2000), nervous system (Desi et al, 1998), pancreas (Gokalp et al, 2005) and liver (Kalender et al, 2006). Malathion [O,O-dimethyl-S-(1,2-dicarbethoxyethyl) phosphorodithioate] is one of the most widely used OP insecticides for agriculture and public health programs (Maroni et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protection of -tocopherol and selenium against acute effects of malathion on liver and kidney of rats

Al‐Othman¹

2011

Protection from effects of the organophosphate insecticide, malathion on the liver and kidney of male Wistar albino rats by -tocopherol and selenium was investigated. Significantly greater (P<0.01) mean concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and lesser concentrations (P<0.01) of reduced glutathione (GSH) and tissues total proteins were observed in liver and kidney of rats exposed to malathion. Activities of the antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were less in livers and kidneys of rats exposed to malathion. These effects caused by exposure to malathion were reversed when rats were subsequently treated orally with 100 mg/kg b.w. tocopherol and/or 0.1 mg selenium/kg b.w. Both tocopherol and selenium (Se) reduced the concentration of MDA, and increased concentration of total proteins and reduced glutathione and mean activities of SOD, CAT and GPx, to levels that were not significantly different from unexposed, control rats, previous to exposure to malathion. Selenium was significantly (P<0.05) more effective at recovering activities of SOD and GPx in liver and kidney of malathion treated rats than wastocopherol, whereas, -tocopherol was significantly (P<0.05) more effective at recovering activities of CAT in liver and kidney than was Se. Both -tocopherol and Se were effective in alleviating oxidative damage in liver and kidney of rats caused by malathion.

Journal of Occupational Health

“…Reduced sperm motility with/without reduced serum testosterone levels and increased rates of sperm with morphological abnormalities have also been reported 8,9) . In animal reproductive toxicity studies, a variety of OPs decrease sperm motility, including dichlorvos (DDVP) 10,11) , methyl parathion 12) , acephate 13) , malathion 10) and diazinon (DZN) 14,15) . However, the notion that OPs possess spermatotoxicity has yet to be established.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broken Sperm, Cytoplasmic Droplets and Reduced Sperm Motility Are Principal Markers of Decreased Sperm Quality Due to Organophosphorus Pesticides in Rats

Okamura

Kamijima

Ohtani

et al. 2009

Broken Sperm, Cytoplasmic Droplets and Reduced Sperm Motility Are Principal Markers of D e c r e a s e d S p e r m Q u a l i t y D u e t oOrganophosphorus Pesticides in Rats: Ai OKAMURA, e t a l . D e p a r t m e n t o f O c c u p a t i o n a l a n d Environmental Health, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine-Objectives: Recent reports have shown significant associations between organopshophorus pesticide (OP) exposure and decreased sperm motility in workers and laboratory animals. However, the notion that OPs possess spermatotoxicity has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to clarify the effects of OP exposure on detailed sperm toxicity markers, i.e., motility, morphology and sperm adenine nucleotide contents, and the histopathology of the testis and epididymis. Methods: Ten-week-old Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups (n=10) and orally administered corn oil, dichlorvos (DDVP; 5, 10 mg/kg) or diazinon (DZN; 3 mg/kg) 6 days a week for 9 wk. Sperm motility and morphology markers were analyzed with a computerassisted sperm analysis (CASA) system. Results: In a d d i t i o n t o a s i g n i f i c a n t d e c r e a s e i n acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities and a significant increase in urinary OP metabolites, DDVP and DZN significantly reduced sperm motility, but they did not influence sperm adenine nucleotide contents. The OPs also significantly increased the percentage of broken sperm, and DDVP significantly increased the percentage of cytoplasmic droplets. Importantly, both OPs significantly increased cytoplasmic vacuolation and nuclear shrinkage in the epithelial cells of the ductus epididymis, whereas the testes did not show significant histopathological changes. Conclusions: The broken sperm and cytoplasmic droplets as well as r e d u c e d s p e r m m o t i l i t y w e r e t h e r e l e v a n t spermatotoxicity makers of DDVP and DZN. To our knowledge, this is the first report to suggest that the above-mentioned OP-induced spermatotoxicity is related to histopathological impairment of the caput epididymis. (J Occup Health 2009; 51: 478-487)