Reproductive risk factors associated with breast carcinoma in a tertiary care hospital of north India: A case-control study

Abstract

Context: Worldwide, breast cancer is the most common cancer among women. In India and other developing countries, breast carcinoma ranks second only to cervical carcinoma among women. But the incidence of breast cancer is on the rise and may become number one cancer in females in near future. Aims: (1) To find out the magnitude of reproductive risk factors of carcinoma breast among the study subjects; and (2) to find out the association of reproductive risk factors with breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: The study was done in the wards of General Surgery and Oncosurgery from August 2009-July 2010 in a tertiary care institute. A total of 128 histopathologically confirmed cases of breast cancer those came in this duration were considered. Equal controls were selected by simple random sampling by lottery method. The controls were matched for age with a range of ± 2 years. The subjects were interviewed using a pre-tested questionnaire. Written informed consent was taken from study subjects before starting the interview. Statistical Analysis Used: Chi-square test, odds ratio with 95% confidence interval, and t test. Results: The age group of the cases was 25-78 years, whereas that of the controls was 24-79 years. The difference among cases and controls regarding age at marriage, age at menarche, age at menopause, age at first pregnancy, and number of children was statistically significant. Continuous variables of the study population were analyzed by independent t tests, in which age at menarche and age at first pregnancy were found statistically significant. Conclusions: Information, education, and communication activities regarding risk factors and breast self-examination should be imparted to the women to create awareness about this fatal disease.

Clinico-Pathological Study: 48 Cases of Carcinoma Breast at Tertiary Care Centre in Rural Area

“…It is reported that women with menarche age of 10 or 11 years showed a 2.2 times higher risk for breast cancer compared to women who had their first menstrual period at 12 years and above. 14 In our study, 50% of the patients had attained menarche between the age of 13 to 15 years and 35.4% less than 13 years of age, which is in concordance with Indian study done by Babita et al 15 Mean age of attainment of menarche is 13 years. Late menopause is a known risk factor of carcinoma of breast.…”

“…In present study 35.4% of patients were aged less than 20 years at the time of birth of first child, while 45.8% patients delivered their first child between 20 and 25 years of age. In study done by Babita et al, 15 66.4% of cases had delivered their first child between the age of 20 -25 years. Mean age at first birth was 21 years.…”

Reproductive risk factors associated with breast cancer in women in Bangui: a case–control study

“…Globally, every 3 min one woman is diagnosed with breast Ca, with a total of one million cases per year [2]. In 2012, the number of new cases diagnosed in women was 1,7 million (25% of all cancers), with 883,000 cases reported in developed countries against 794,000 in developing countries [1, 3].…”

Fatores associados ao câncer de mama gestacional: estudo caso-controle

“…In relation to the sexarche, this factor alone is probably not relevant, but it is related to the age of the first gestation. In the literature, we found only one article, with an African population, that found association between first sexual intercourse before 15 years of age and reduced risk of breast cancer (OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.27-0.79), but due to the high parity found in the region, it is not possible to generalize these findings 16 . In this study, there was a significant difference when the cutoff point was established by the mean (17 years).…”