Reproductive potential of Echinococcus multilocularis in experimentally infected foxes, dogs, raccoon dogs and cats

Kapel, Christian M. O.; Torgerson, Paul R.; Thompson, R.C.A.; Deplazes, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.ijpara.2005.08.012

Cited by 211 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…of 1 month). These were estimated from the results of experimental infections of dogs with E. multilocularis (Lukashenko, 1975;Kapel et al, 2006). Abundance models were also analysed utilising the numbers of parasites observed in each dog as a result of arecoline purgation.…”

Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: Using prevalence data adjusted for measurement error to develop transmission dynamics models

Ziadinov

Mathis

Trachsel

et al. 2008

International Journal for Parasitology

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Echinococcosis is a major emerging zoonosis in central Asia. A cross-sectional study of dogs in four villages in rural Kyrgyzstan was undertaken to investigate the epidemiology and transmission of Echinococcus spp. A total of 466 dogs were examined by arecoline purgation for the presence of Echinococcus granulosus and Echinococcus multilocularis. In addition, a faecal sample from each dog was examined for taeniid eggs. Any taeniid eggs found were investigated using PCR techniques (multiplex and single target PCR) to improve the diagnostic sensitivity by confirming the presence of Echinococcus spp. and to identify E. granulosus strains. A total of 83 (18%) dogs had either E. granulosus adults in purge material and/or E. granulosus eggs in their faeces as confirmed by PCR. Three genotypes of E. granulosus: G1, G4 and the G6/7 complex were shown to be present in these dogs through subsequent sequence analysis. Purge analysis combined with PCR identified 50 dogs that were infected with adult E. multilocularis and/or had E. multilocularis eggs in their faeces (11%). Bayesian techniques were employed to estimate the true prevalence, the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the procedures used and the transmission parameters. The sensitivity of arecoline purgation for the detection of echinococcosis in dogs was rather low, with a value of 38% (Credible intervals (CIs) 27-50%) for E. granulosus and 21% (CIs 11-34%) for E. multilocularis. The specificity of arecoline purgation was assumed to be 100%. The sensitivity of coproscopy followed by PCR of the isolated eggs was calculated as 78% (CIs 57-87%) for E. granulosus and 50% (CIs 29-72%) for E. multilocularis with specificity of 93% (CIs 88-96%) and 100% (CIs 97-100), respectively. The 93% specificity of the coprological-PCR for E. granulosus could suggest coprophagia rather than true infections. After adjusting for the sensitivity of the diagnostic procedures, the estimated true prevalence of infection of E. granulosus was 19% (CIs 15-25%) and the infection pressure in the dog population was estimated to be 0.29 infections per year (CIs 0.014-0.75). Logistic regression analysis failed to identify any significant risk factors for infections for E. granulosus. After adjusting for the sensitivity of the test procedures, the estimated true prevalence was 18% (CIs 12-30%). Dogs that were restrained had a significantly lower prevalence of E. multilocularis of 11% (CIs 6-29%) compared with 26% in free-roaming dogs (CIs 17-44%) and

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Section: Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: Using prevalence data adjusted for measurement error to develop transmission dynamics models

Ziadinov

Mathis

Trachsel

et al. 2008

International Journal for Parasitology

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“…Domestic carnivores, such as dogs and cats, are potential hosts. Even though cats' behaviour could favour their infection, among rodents predation, their physiology presents a lower susceptibility to infection and eggs excretion (Kapel et al, 2006). Contribution of domestic carnivores to human exposure in Europe is still unclear and their proximity to man may pose a major zoonotic risk (Petavy et al, 2000;Romig et al, 2006b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infection of foxes byEchinococcocus multilocularisin urban and suburban areas of Nancy, France: influence of feeding habits and environment

et al. 2008

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Summary :This study evaluated the impact of biological and environmental factors on the infection of red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) by Echinococcus multilocularis in an endemic area of north-east France. From January 2004 to April 2006, 127 foxes were examined for E. multilocularis and their stomach contents analysed. The effect of year, season, age, sex and urbanisation level on E. multilocularis presence was estimated using a General Linear Model (GLM) with logit link, (i.e. logistic regression). Urbanisation level was the only influencing factor, with a decreasing gradient from rural [54 %,] to peri-urban [31 %, CI 95 % (15-52)] and urban area [4 %,]. The consumption of Arvicola terrestris and Microtus sp., grassland species, the main presumed intermediate hosts of E. multilocularis, was studied by the same approach. The two species were consumed less in the urban area and more in autumn than in spring. Anthropogenic food consumption was linked to urbanisation and to age. The frequency of anthropogenic food consumption decreased in the rural area. A global model explaining the presence of E. multilocularis and including urbanisation level and diet was then elaborated. Independently of urbanisation, there was a suggestion of less E. multilocularis infection with anthropogenic food consumption. Red foxes consuming Microtus sp. and A. terrestris had higher worm burden than those that did not. The results suggest that the decreasing gradient observed from rural to urban area is linked to behaviour and feeding habits. Résumé : INFECTION DES RENARDS PAR ECHINOCOCCUS MULTILOCULARIS DANS LES ZONES URBAINES ET PÉRI-URBAINES

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“…The sensitivity of the improved flotation technique was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of routine flotation techniques (Tables I and II). No correlation was found between total worm counts and faecal egg count in fox faeces, which can be explained by the intermittent shedding of eggs (Kapel et al 2006). This sensitivity is similar to, or lower than that of other postmortem and antemortem diagnostic techniques (Table IV).…”

Section: Depending On Prevalence Of Infectionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Evaluation of faecal flotation methods followed by species-specific PCR for detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in the definitive hosts

Széll

Sréter-Lancz

Sréter

2014

Acta Parasitologica

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Echinococcus multilocularis is one of the most pathogenic zoonotic parasites in the temperate and arctic region of the Northern Hemisphere. For estimating the potential risk of human infection in endemic areas, reliable antemortem methods are needed to detect the parasite in carnivore definitive hosts. The sensitivity of routine flotation techniques for detection of E. multilocularis eggs was found to be low (3-33%) depending on the flotation solution used (specific gravities = 1.3-1.4). An improved faecal flotation followed by a species-specific PCR is described with a sensitivity of 74% (95% CI = 62-84%) and a specificity of 100% (95% CI = 94-100%). These parameters are similar to those of the intestinal scraping technique (sensitivity = 78%, specificity = 100%). The sensitivity of the improved flotation was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than that of routine flotation techniques. The costs of the method are similar or lower than those of other antemortem diagnostic methods. Based on these data, the method is suitable for surveys of domesticated and wild carnivores.

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Reproductive potential of Echinococcus multilocularis in experimentally infected foxes, dogs, raccoon dogs and cats

Cited by 211 publications

References 21 publications

Canine echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: Using prevalence data adjusted for measurement error to develop transmission dynamics models

Canine echinococcosis in Kyrgyzstan: Using prevalence data adjusted for measurement error to develop transmission dynamics models

Infection of foxes byEchinococcocus multilocularisin urban and suburban areas of Nancy, France: influence of feeding habits and environment

Evaluation of faecal flotation methods followed by species-specific PCR for detection of Echinococcus multilocularis in the definitive hosts

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